Liquid Carbon-Boron Cluster Additives for Mixed Amine-50
Boron-containing compounds, known for their high calorific value, can significantly enhance the energy density of traditional liquid propellants. Through precise chemical modification of the C-H bonds in <i>ortho</i>-carborane, a novel liquid cluster material was synthesized: C,C′-Bis(2-...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/9/2037 |
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| author | Xiaogang Mu Shenghui Wang Fanzhi Yang Hao Li |
| author_facet | Xiaogang Mu Shenghui Wang Fanzhi Yang Hao Li |
| author_sort | Xiaogang Mu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Boron-containing compounds, known for their high calorific value, can significantly enhance the energy density of traditional liquid propellants. Through precise chemical modification of the C-H bonds in <i>ortho</i>-carborane, a novel liquid cluster material was synthesized: C,C′-Bis(2-ethylhexanoylmethyl)-<i>o</i>-carborane (<b>BEHMC</b>). This compound exhibits excellent stability, density, and energy properties. By combining <b>BEHMC</b> with mixed amine-50, a cluster liquid propellant was formulated, and its key performance metrics such as density, freezing point, mass calorific value, and volumetric calorific value were evaluated. The propellant achieved a density of 0.884 g·cm<sup>−3</sup>, a freezing point below −55 °C, a mass calorific value of 41.13 kJ·g<sup>−1</sup>, and a volumetric calorific value of 36.36 kJ·cm<sup>−3</sup>. The theoretical specific impulse reached 346 s, and the theoretical density impulse was 2.99 × 10<sup>6</sup> N·s·m<sup>−3</sup>. Compared to the traditional mixed amine-50/red fuming nitric acid propellant, the cluster liquid propellant developed in this study maintains a similar calorific value while improving the theoretical specific impulse and density impulse by 2.3% and 3.8%, respectively. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-98eb3a7c949343e7b4e6de8a12494019 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-98eb3a7c949343e7b4e6de8a124940192025-08-20T02:59:08ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-05-01309203710.3390/molecules30092037Liquid Carbon-Boron Cluster Additives for Mixed Amine-50Xiaogang Mu0Shenghui Wang1Fanzhi Yang2Hao Li3Zhijian Laboratory, Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xi’an 710025, ChinaZhijian Laboratory, Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xi’an 710025, ChinaBeijing Institute of Technology, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing 100081, ChinaBeijing Institute of Technology, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing 100081, ChinaBoron-containing compounds, known for their high calorific value, can significantly enhance the energy density of traditional liquid propellants. Through precise chemical modification of the C-H bonds in <i>ortho</i>-carborane, a novel liquid cluster material was synthesized: C,C′-Bis(2-ethylhexanoylmethyl)-<i>o</i>-carborane (<b>BEHMC</b>). This compound exhibits excellent stability, density, and energy properties. By combining <b>BEHMC</b> with mixed amine-50, a cluster liquid propellant was formulated, and its key performance metrics such as density, freezing point, mass calorific value, and volumetric calorific value were evaluated. The propellant achieved a density of 0.884 g·cm<sup>−3</sup>, a freezing point below −55 °C, a mass calorific value of 41.13 kJ·g<sup>−1</sup>, and a volumetric calorific value of 36.36 kJ·cm<sup>−3</sup>. The theoretical specific impulse reached 346 s, and the theoretical density impulse was 2.99 × 10<sup>6</sup> N·s·m<sup>−3</sup>. Compared to the traditional mixed amine-50/red fuming nitric acid propellant, the cluster liquid propellant developed in this study maintains a similar calorific value while improving the theoretical specific impulse and density impulse by 2.3% and 3.8%, respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/9/2037liquid propellantenergy densitycarboraneclustertheoretical specific impulse |
| spellingShingle | Xiaogang Mu Shenghui Wang Fanzhi Yang Hao Li Liquid Carbon-Boron Cluster Additives for Mixed Amine-50 Molecules liquid propellant energy density carborane cluster theoretical specific impulse |
| title | Liquid Carbon-Boron Cluster Additives for Mixed Amine-50 |
| title_full | Liquid Carbon-Boron Cluster Additives for Mixed Amine-50 |
| title_fullStr | Liquid Carbon-Boron Cluster Additives for Mixed Amine-50 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Liquid Carbon-Boron Cluster Additives for Mixed Amine-50 |
| title_short | Liquid Carbon-Boron Cluster Additives for Mixed Amine-50 |
| title_sort | liquid carbon boron cluster additives for mixed amine 50 |
| topic | liquid propellant energy density carborane cluster theoretical specific impulse |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/9/2037 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xiaogangmu liquidcarbonboronclusteradditivesformixedamine50 AT shenghuiwang liquidcarbonboronclusteradditivesformixedamine50 AT fanzhiyang liquidcarbonboronclusteradditivesformixedamine50 AT haoli liquidcarbonboronclusteradditivesformixedamine50 |