First Isolation, Molecular Identification, and Phylogenetic Characterization of A3B5 Very Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Pullets in Chile

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is an important pathogen affecting the poultry industry worldwide. IBDV serotype 1, including classical virulent strains (cvIBDV), variant strains (varIBDV), and very virulent strains (vvIBDV), is pathogenic for chickens. IBDV mainly infects immature B-lymphocy...

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Main Authors: Leandro Cádiz, Miguel Guzmán, Paola Rivera, Fernando Navarrete, Paulina Torres, Héctor Hidalgo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Microbiology Research
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7481/16/2/31
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author Leandro Cádiz
Miguel Guzmán
Paola Rivera
Fernando Navarrete
Paulina Torres
Héctor Hidalgo
author_facet Leandro Cádiz
Miguel Guzmán
Paola Rivera
Fernando Navarrete
Paulina Torres
Héctor Hidalgo
author_sort Leandro Cádiz
collection DOAJ
description Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is an important pathogen affecting the poultry industry worldwide. IBDV serotype 1, including classical virulent strains (cvIBDV), variant strains (varIBDV), and very virulent strains (vvIBDV), is pathogenic for chickens. IBDV mainly infects immature B-lymphocytes in the bursa of Fabricius, weakening the humoral immune response and leading to secondary infections and increased morbidity and mortality. The Laboratory of Avian Pathology received ten live 8-week-old pullets from a laying hen operation experiencing increased mortality, prostration, diarrhea, and sudden death. Upon necropsy, the affected birds presented swollen, hemorrhagic, and edematous bursa of Fabricius, as well as hemorrhage in the breast and thigh muscles. RT-PCR confirmed that the samples from the bursa of Fabricius were positive for IBDV. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 and VP2 gene nucleotide sequences classified the strain, isolated in embryonated chicken eggs, as the A3B5 genotype. Amino acid sequence analysis of the VP2 hypervariable region revealed the presence of amino acid residues commonly found in vvIBDV. Additional studies are required to investigate the epidemiological situation of this genotype in Chile and to evaluate current vaccination plans and their effectiveness against new variants.
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spelling doaj-art-98df36a0195145c4b5fb7132b4d119712025-08-20T02:44:50ZengMDPI AGMicrobiology Research2036-74812025-01-011623110.3390/microbiolres16020031First Isolation, Molecular Identification, and Phylogenetic Characterization of A3B5 Very Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Pullets in ChileLeandro Cádiz0Miguel Guzmán1Paola Rivera2Fernando Navarrete3Paulina Torres4Héctor Hidalgo5Núcleo de Investigación en One Health (NIOH), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de las Américas, Campus Maipú, 5 de Abril 620, Santiago 7500975, ChileLaboratory of Avian Pathology, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, ChileLaboratory of Avian Pathology, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, ChileLaboratory of Avian Pathology, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, ChileLaboratory of Avian Pathology, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, ChileLaboratory of Avian Pathology, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, ChileInfectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is an important pathogen affecting the poultry industry worldwide. IBDV serotype 1, including classical virulent strains (cvIBDV), variant strains (varIBDV), and very virulent strains (vvIBDV), is pathogenic for chickens. IBDV mainly infects immature B-lymphocytes in the bursa of Fabricius, weakening the humoral immune response and leading to secondary infections and increased morbidity and mortality. The Laboratory of Avian Pathology received ten live 8-week-old pullets from a laying hen operation experiencing increased mortality, prostration, diarrhea, and sudden death. Upon necropsy, the affected birds presented swollen, hemorrhagic, and edematous bursa of Fabricius, as well as hemorrhage in the breast and thigh muscles. RT-PCR confirmed that the samples from the bursa of Fabricius were positive for IBDV. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 and VP2 gene nucleotide sequences classified the strain, isolated in embryonated chicken eggs, as the A3B5 genotype. Amino acid sequence analysis of the VP2 hypervariable region revealed the presence of amino acid residues commonly found in vvIBDV. Additional studies are required to investigate the epidemiological situation of this genotype in Chile and to evaluate current vaccination plans and their effectiveness against new variants.https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7481/16/2/31Avian infectious bursal disease virusIBDVpoultryvery virulentphylogenetic analysis
spellingShingle Leandro Cádiz
Miguel Guzmán
Paola Rivera
Fernando Navarrete
Paulina Torres
Héctor Hidalgo
First Isolation, Molecular Identification, and Phylogenetic Characterization of A3B5 Very Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Pullets in Chile
Microbiology Research
Avian infectious bursal disease virus
IBDV
poultry
very virulent
phylogenetic analysis
title First Isolation, Molecular Identification, and Phylogenetic Characterization of A3B5 Very Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Pullets in Chile
title_full First Isolation, Molecular Identification, and Phylogenetic Characterization of A3B5 Very Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Pullets in Chile
title_fullStr First Isolation, Molecular Identification, and Phylogenetic Characterization of A3B5 Very Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Pullets in Chile
title_full_unstemmed First Isolation, Molecular Identification, and Phylogenetic Characterization of A3B5 Very Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Pullets in Chile
title_short First Isolation, Molecular Identification, and Phylogenetic Characterization of A3B5 Very Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Pullets in Chile
title_sort first isolation molecular identification and phylogenetic characterization of a3b5 very virulent infectious bursal disease virus in pullets in chile
topic Avian infectious bursal disease virus
IBDV
poultry
very virulent
phylogenetic analysis
url https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7481/16/2/31
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