Chromosome-Level Genome and Variation Map of Eri Silkworm <i>Samia cynthia ricini</i>

The eri silkworm <i>Samia cynthia ricini</i> (<i>S. ricini</i>) is an economically and scientifically significant lepidopteran species, though its genomic resources have remained limited. Here, we present a chromosome-level genome assembly for <i>S. ricini</i> gen...

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Main Authors: Kunpeng Lu, Jianghong Shen, Wengong Huang, Chengyu Zhan, Zhengqing Li, Shubo Liang, Kerui Lai, Qun Luo, Minjin Han, Xiaoling Tong, Fangyin Dai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Biology
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/6/698
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author Kunpeng Lu
Jianghong Shen
Wengong Huang
Chengyu Zhan
Zhengqing Li
Shubo Liang
Kerui Lai
Qun Luo
Minjin Han
Xiaoling Tong
Fangyin Dai
author_facet Kunpeng Lu
Jianghong Shen
Wengong Huang
Chengyu Zhan
Zhengqing Li
Shubo Liang
Kerui Lai
Qun Luo
Minjin Han
Xiaoling Tong
Fangyin Dai
author_sort Kunpeng Lu
collection DOAJ
description The eri silkworm <i>Samia cynthia ricini</i> (<i>S. ricini</i>) is an economically and scientifically significant lepidopteran species, though its genomic resources have remained limited. Here, we present a chromosome-level genome assembly for <i>S. ricini</i> generated through integrated long-read, short-read, and Hi-C sequencing data. The final 456.16 Mb assembly spans 14 chromosomes, exhibiting 98.5% BUSCO completeness and a 48.51% repetitive content. Functional annotation of the 15,729 protein-coding genes against five major databases (NR, SwissProt, Pfam, GO, and KEGG) revealed a maximum annotation rate of 92.71%, demonstrating high gene set quality. Comparative genomics with <i>B. mori</i> uncovered conserved syntenic blocks interspersed with chromosomal fusion/fission events and inversions. We further identified 4.27 million SNPs, 1.02 million InDels, and 53,367 SVs, establishing the first comprehensive variation map for this species. These genomic variations provide a foundation for marker-assisted breeding programs and trait association studies. All the genomic resources and interactive visualization tools were integrated into the SilkMeta database. This study establishes <i>S. ricini</i> as a pivotal resource for comparative lepidopteran genomics and accelerates molecular breeding programs for this agriculturally valuable insect.
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spelling doaj-art-98d3fa24f33547e9b2f0eb08ecd8099e2025-08-20T03:32:32ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372025-06-0114669810.3390/biology14060698Chromosome-Level Genome and Variation Map of Eri Silkworm <i>Samia cynthia ricini</i>Kunpeng Lu0Jianghong Shen1Wengong Huang2Chengyu Zhan3Zhengqing Li4Shubo Liang5Kerui Lai6Qun Luo7Minjin Han8Xiaoling Tong9Fangyin Dai10State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaGuangxi Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genetic Improvement and Efficient Breeding, Guangxi Research Academy of Sericultural Science, Nanning 530007, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaGuangxi Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genetic Improvement and Efficient Breeding, Guangxi Research Academy of Sericultural Science, Nanning 530007, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaThe eri silkworm <i>Samia cynthia ricini</i> (<i>S. ricini</i>) is an economically and scientifically significant lepidopteran species, though its genomic resources have remained limited. Here, we present a chromosome-level genome assembly for <i>S. ricini</i> generated through integrated long-read, short-read, and Hi-C sequencing data. The final 456.16 Mb assembly spans 14 chromosomes, exhibiting 98.5% BUSCO completeness and a 48.51% repetitive content. Functional annotation of the 15,729 protein-coding genes against five major databases (NR, SwissProt, Pfam, GO, and KEGG) revealed a maximum annotation rate of 92.71%, demonstrating high gene set quality. Comparative genomics with <i>B. mori</i> uncovered conserved syntenic blocks interspersed with chromosomal fusion/fission events and inversions. We further identified 4.27 million SNPs, 1.02 million InDels, and 53,367 SVs, establishing the first comprehensive variation map for this species. These genomic variations provide a foundation for marker-assisted breeding programs and trait association studies. All the genomic resources and interactive visualization tools were integrated into the SilkMeta database. This study establishes <i>S. ricini</i> as a pivotal resource for comparative lepidopteran genomics and accelerates molecular breeding programs for this agriculturally valuable insect.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/6/698eri silkwormgenome assemblyannotationvariation mapdatabase
spellingShingle Kunpeng Lu
Jianghong Shen
Wengong Huang
Chengyu Zhan
Zhengqing Li
Shubo Liang
Kerui Lai
Qun Luo
Minjin Han
Xiaoling Tong
Fangyin Dai
Chromosome-Level Genome and Variation Map of Eri Silkworm <i>Samia cynthia ricini</i>
Biology
eri silkworm
genome assembly
annotation
variation map
database
title Chromosome-Level Genome and Variation Map of Eri Silkworm <i>Samia cynthia ricini</i>
title_full Chromosome-Level Genome and Variation Map of Eri Silkworm <i>Samia cynthia ricini</i>
title_fullStr Chromosome-Level Genome and Variation Map of Eri Silkworm <i>Samia cynthia ricini</i>
title_full_unstemmed Chromosome-Level Genome and Variation Map of Eri Silkworm <i>Samia cynthia ricini</i>
title_short Chromosome-Level Genome and Variation Map of Eri Silkworm <i>Samia cynthia ricini</i>
title_sort chromosome level genome and variation map of eri silkworm i samia cynthia ricini i
topic eri silkworm
genome assembly
annotation
variation map
database
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/6/698
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