Top Emission Organic Light Emitting Diodes Fabricated on Stainless Steel Foil
This study presents the fabrication and optimization of top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes (TEOLEDs) on stainless steel (SS) substrates, aiming to address challenges in surface roughness, hole injection efficiency, and light extraction. Due to the dual-sided conductivity of SS foil, a soluti...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IEEE
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | IEEE Access |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10979307/ |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850040508323201024 |
|---|---|
| author | Fuh-Shyang Juang Yu-Hsin Tuan Hong-Kai Chen Min-Chieh Lin Hung-Lun Lin Jun-Lin Huang |
| author_facet | Fuh-Shyang Juang Yu-Hsin Tuan Hong-Kai Chen Min-Chieh Lin Hung-Lun Lin Jun-Lin Huang |
| author_sort | Fuh-Shyang Juang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study presents the fabrication and optimization of top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes (TEOLEDs) on stainless steel (SS) substrates, aiming to address challenges in surface roughness, hole injection efficiency, and light extraction. Due to the dual-sided conductivity of SS foil, a solution-type organic material (TOC 100) was spin-coated as an insulating and planarization layer, reducing the surface roughness from 8.61 nm to 0.46 nm, as measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The device structure was SS/Al/HATCN/TAPC/BH-08(host):OD-01(dopant)/TPBi/LiF/Al/Ag, with electro-optical characteristics comparable to TEOLEDs on glass substrates. However, the current density was slightly lower due to the roughness of the aluminum anode. The device optimizations included adding a gold layer (3 nm) to the aluminum anode, which increased hole injection efficiency and improved luminance from 4.99 cd/m2 to 24.65 cd/m2 at 14 V when the hole transport layer (TAPC) thickness was reduced from 20 nm to 10 nm. Adjusting cathode thicknesses (Al/Ag at 6/8 nm versus 12/10 nm) enhanced light output significantly, with luminance increasing from 9.5 cd/m2 to 24.7 cd/m2 at 15 V. Furthermore, using Ytterbium/Silver (Yb/Ag) cathodes improved current efficiency to 6.3 cd/A at 8 V compared to 4.5 cd/A for Liq/Al/Ag cathodes. Encapsulation extended TEOLED lifetime from 365 minutes to 490 minutes for luminance decay from 800 to 400 cd/m2. Flexibility tests demonstrated that the TEOLEDs maintained functionality under bending radii of 0.5 cm with brightness of 142 cd/m2 at 5 V. Additionally, thermal imaging revealed superior heat dissipation on SS substrates compared to glass substrates, with backside temperatures of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$24.6~^{\circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C versus <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$33.9~^{\circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C when biased at 10 V. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-98c4b70ea6b343bc931c90aaf747aef1 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj-art-98c4b70ea6b343bc931c90aaf747aef12025-08-20T02:56:05ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-0113791077911710.1109/ACCESS.2025.356491010979307Top Emission Organic Light Emitting Diodes Fabricated on Stainless Steel FoilFuh-Shyang Juang0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8598-726XYu-Hsin Tuan1Hong-Kai Chen2Min-Chieh Lin3Hung-Lun Lin4Jun-Lin Huang5Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Formosa University, Huwei, Yunlin, TaiwanDepartment of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Formosa University, Huwei, Yunlin, TaiwanDepartment of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Formosa University, Huwei, Yunlin, TaiwanDepartment of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Formosa University, Huwei, Yunlin, TaiwanDepartment of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Formosa University, Huwei, Yunlin, TaiwanDepartment of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Formosa University, Huwei, Yunlin, TaiwanThis study presents the fabrication and optimization of top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes (TEOLEDs) on stainless steel (SS) substrates, aiming to address challenges in surface roughness, hole injection efficiency, and light extraction. Due to the dual-sided conductivity of SS foil, a solution-type organic material (TOC 100) was spin-coated as an insulating and planarization layer, reducing the surface roughness from 8.61 nm to 0.46 nm, as measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The device structure was SS/Al/HATCN/TAPC/BH-08(host):OD-01(dopant)/TPBi/LiF/Al/Ag, with electro-optical characteristics comparable to TEOLEDs on glass substrates. However, the current density was slightly lower due to the roughness of the aluminum anode. The device optimizations included adding a gold layer (3 nm) to the aluminum anode, which increased hole injection efficiency and improved luminance from 4.99 cd/m2 to 24.65 cd/m2 at 14 V when the hole transport layer (TAPC) thickness was reduced from 20 nm to 10 nm. Adjusting cathode thicknesses (Al/Ag at 6/8 nm versus 12/10 nm) enhanced light output significantly, with luminance increasing from 9.5 cd/m2 to 24.7 cd/m2 at 15 V. Furthermore, using Ytterbium/Silver (Yb/Ag) cathodes improved current efficiency to 6.3 cd/A at 8 V compared to 4.5 cd/A for Liq/Al/Ag cathodes. Encapsulation extended TEOLED lifetime from 365 minutes to 490 minutes for luminance decay from 800 to 400 cd/m2. Flexibility tests demonstrated that the TEOLEDs maintained functionality under bending radii of 0.5 cm with brightness of 142 cd/m2 at 5 V. Additionally, thermal imaging revealed superior heat dissipation on SS substrates compared to glass substrates, with backside temperatures of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$24.6~^{\circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C versus <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$33.9~^{\circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C when biased at 10 V.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10979307/Stainless steeltop emissionorganic light emitting diodessurface roughnessplanarizationtransmittance |
| spellingShingle | Fuh-Shyang Juang Yu-Hsin Tuan Hong-Kai Chen Min-Chieh Lin Hung-Lun Lin Jun-Lin Huang Top Emission Organic Light Emitting Diodes Fabricated on Stainless Steel Foil IEEE Access Stainless steel top emission organic light emitting diodes surface roughness planarization transmittance |
| title | Top Emission Organic Light Emitting Diodes Fabricated on Stainless Steel Foil |
| title_full | Top Emission Organic Light Emitting Diodes Fabricated on Stainless Steel Foil |
| title_fullStr | Top Emission Organic Light Emitting Diodes Fabricated on Stainless Steel Foil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Top Emission Organic Light Emitting Diodes Fabricated on Stainless Steel Foil |
| title_short | Top Emission Organic Light Emitting Diodes Fabricated on Stainless Steel Foil |
| title_sort | top emission organic light emitting diodes fabricated on stainless steel foil |
| topic | Stainless steel top emission organic light emitting diodes surface roughness planarization transmittance |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10979307/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT fuhshyangjuang topemissionorganiclightemittingdiodesfabricatedonstainlesssteelfoil AT yuhsintuan topemissionorganiclightemittingdiodesfabricatedonstainlesssteelfoil AT hongkaichen topemissionorganiclightemittingdiodesfabricatedonstainlesssteelfoil AT minchiehlin topemissionorganiclightemittingdiodesfabricatedonstainlesssteelfoil AT hunglunlin topemissionorganiclightemittingdiodesfabricatedonstainlesssteelfoil AT junlinhuang topemissionorganiclightemittingdiodesfabricatedonstainlesssteelfoil |