Investigation of the Contribution of Five Broadcast Ionospheric Models (GPSK, NTCMG, NEQG, BDGIM, and BDSK) and IRTG to GNSS Positioning During Different Solar Activities in Solar Cycle 25
Abstract Additional ionospheric information is essential for mitigating errors in single‐frequency (SF) Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) positioning. The increasing number of low‐cost dual‐frequency (DF) receiver users faces limitations in tracking DF observables compared to traditional ge...
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| Format: | Article |
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Wiley
2024-07-01
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| Series: | Space Weather |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2023SW003829 |
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| author | Min Li Yunbin Yuan Ting Zhang Hanying Xu Xingliang Huo Wenyao Zhang |
| author_facet | Min Li Yunbin Yuan Ting Zhang Hanying Xu Xingliang Huo Wenyao Zhang |
| author_sort | Min Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Additional ionospheric information is essential for mitigating errors in single‐frequency (SF) Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) positioning. The increasing number of low‐cost dual‐frequency (DF) receiver users faces limitations in tracking DF observables compared to traditional geodetic receivers. Consequently, ionospheric correction algorithms (ICAs) are also essential for low‐cost DF devices in hybrid‐frequency positioning. To evaluate the performance of commonly used ICAs during solar cycle 25, our study presents a global statistical investigation of the contribution of five broadcast ionospheric models (BIMs) and the International GNSS Service (IGS) combined real‐time global ionospheric maps (IRTG) to the positioning domain, covering both quiet and perturbed ionospheric conditions. The BIMs investigated include the GPS Klobuchar (GPSK), Galileo NequickG (NEQG), NTCM‐GlAzpar (NTCMG), BDS‐2 Klobuchar (BDSK), and BeiDou Global Ionospheric delay correction Model (BDGIM). Experimental results from standard point positioning indicate that IRTG demonstrates superior overall accuracy compared to all BIMs, with a mean 3D root mean squared (RMS) of 2.76 m during perturbed period. Specifically, GPSK, NTCMG, NEQG, BDGIM, and BDSK exhibit RMS values of 2.03, 1.67, 1.72, 1.62, and 2.36 m during quiet conditions, and 4.02, 3.17, 2.86, 3.14, and 4.44 m during perturbed conditions, respectively. Among the BIMs, NEQG demonstrates superior performance at middle and high latitudes but exhibits lower accuracy than NTCMG and BDGIM at low latitudes during daytime under quiet conditions. BDGIM performs slightly better than NTCMG at low latitudes but slightly worse at high latitudes. BDSK shows notable improvement for high‐ and mid‐latitude regions since 3 June 2020. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-98beff6ebbbb4a0580f86f7793961351 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1542-7390 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-07-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Space Weather |
| spelling | doaj-art-98beff6ebbbb4a0580f86f77939613512025-08-20T03:03:29ZengWileySpace Weather1542-73902024-07-01227n/an/a10.1029/2023SW003829Investigation of the Contribution of Five Broadcast Ionospheric Models (GPSK, NTCMG, NEQG, BDGIM, and BDSK) and IRTG to GNSS Positioning During Different Solar Activities in Solar Cycle 25Min Li0Yunbin Yuan1Ting Zhang2Hanying Xu3Xingliang Huo4Wenyao Zhang5State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology CAS Wuhan ChinaState Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology CAS Wuhan ChinaState Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology CAS Wuhan ChinaState Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology CAS Wuhan ChinaState Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology CAS Wuhan ChinaState Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology CAS Wuhan ChinaAbstract Additional ionospheric information is essential for mitigating errors in single‐frequency (SF) Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) positioning. The increasing number of low‐cost dual‐frequency (DF) receiver users faces limitations in tracking DF observables compared to traditional geodetic receivers. Consequently, ionospheric correction algorithms (ICAs) are also essential for low‐cost DF devices in hybrid‐frequency positioning. To evaluate the performance of commonly used ICAs during solar cycle 25, our study presents a global statistical investigation of the contribution of five broadcast ionospheric models (BIMs) and the International GNSS Service (IGS) combined real‐time global ionospheric maps (IRTG) to the positioning domain, covering both quiet and perturbed ionospheric conditions. The BIMs investigated include the GPS Klobuchar (GPSK), Galileo NequickG (NEQG), NTCM‐GlAzpar (NTCMG), BDS‐2 Klobuchar (BDSK), and BeiDou Global Ionospheric delay correction Model (BDGIM). Experimental results from standard point positioning indicate that IRTG demonstrates superior overall accuracy compared to all BIMs, with a mean 3D root mean squared (RMS) of 2.76 m during perturbed period. Specifically, GPSK, NTCMG, NEQG, BDGIM, and BDSK exhibit RMS values of 2.03, 1.67, 1.72, 1.62, and 2.36 m during quiet conditions, and 4.02, 3.17, 2.86, 3.14, and 4.44 m during perturbed conditions, respectively. Among the BIMs, NEQG demonstrates superior performance at middle and high latitudes but exhibits lower accuracy than NTCMG and BDGIM at low latitudes during daytime under quiet conditions. BDGIM performs slightly better than NTCMG at low latitudes but slightly worse at high latitudes. BDSK shows notable improvement for high‐ and mid‐latitude regions since 3 June 2020.https://doi.org/10.1029/2023SW003829 |
| spellingShingle | Min Li Yunbin Yuan Ting Zhang Hanying Xu Xingliang Huo Wenyao Zhang Investigation of the Contribution of Five Broadcast Ionospheric Models (GPSK, NTCMG, NEQG, BDGIM, and BDSK) and IRTG to GNSS Positioning During Different Solar Activities in Solar Cycle 25 Space Weather |
| title | Investigation of the Contribution of Five Broadcast Ionospheric Models (GPSK, NTCMG, NEQG, BDGIM, and BDSK) and IRTG to GNSS Positioning During Different Solar Activities in Solar Cycle 25 |
| title_full | Investigation of the Contribution of Five Broadcast Ionospheric Models (GPSK, NTCMG, NEQG, BDGIM, and BDSK) and IRTG to GNSS Positioning During Different Solar Activities in Solar Cycle 25 |
| title_fullStr | Investigation of the Contribution of Five Broadcast Ionospheric Models (GPSK, NTCMG, NEQG, BDGIM, and BDSK) and IRTG to GNSS Positioning During Different Solar Activities in Solar Cycle 25 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigation of the Contribution of Five Broadcast Ionospheric Models (GPSK, NTCMG, NEQG, BDGIM, and BDSK) and IRTG to GNSS Positioning During Different Solar Activities in Solar Cycle 25 |
| title_short | Investigation of the Contribution of Five Broadcast Ionospheric Models (GPSK, NTCMG, NEQG, BDGIM, and BDSK) and IRTG to GNSS Positioning During Different Solar Activities in Solar Cycle 25 |
| title_sort | investigation of the contribution of five broadcast ionospheric models gpsk ntcmg neqg bdgim and bdsk and irtg to gnss positioning during different solar activities in solar cycle 25 |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2023SW003829 |
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