The Effect of Training Experience on Cardiac Morphology in Resistance Exercise Practitioners: A Study on Left Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Parameters and Left Atrium Mechanical Functions
<i>Background and Objectives</i>: Resistance exercises (REs) are a type of physical activity that individuals from many age groups have been doing recreationally, both as amateurs and professionally, in their daily lives in recent years. It is crucial to understand the effects of such sp...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Ahmet Kurtoğlu Ertuğrul Kurtoğlu Bekir Çar Özgür Eken Jarosław Muracki Edi Setiawan Madawi H. Alotaibi Safaa M. Elkholi |
| author_facet | Ahmet Kurtoğlu Ertuğrul Kurtoğlu Bekir Çar Özgür Eken Jarosław Muracki Edi Setiawan Madawi H. Alotaibi Safaa M. Elkholi |
| author_sort | Ahmet Kurtoğlu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Background and Objectives</i>: Resistance exercises (REs) are a type of physical activity that individuals from many age groups have been doing recreationally, both as amateurs and professionally, in their daily lives in recent years. It is crucial to understand the effects of such sports on cardiac morphology in order to maximize the benefit of training and to tailor the training content accordingly. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between training experience (TE) and left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic parameters and left atrial (LA) mechanical function in healthy subjects who regularly performed RE for different durations. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: Forty-five healthy adults [age = 28.91 ± 10.30 years, height = 178.37 ± 5.49 cm, weight = 83.15 ± 13.91 kg, body mass index = 26.03 ± 3.42 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, TE = 7.28 ± 6.49 years] who performed RE between 1 year and 20 years were included in our study. The transthoracic echocardiograms (ECHOs) of the participants were evaluated by the cross-sectional research method, which is often used to understand the current situation in a given time period. Correlations between TE and LV systolic and diastolic parameters and LA mechanical function were analyzed. <i>Results</i>: As a result, interventricular septal thickness (IVS; r = 0.33, <i>p</i> = 0.028), the aortic diameter systole (ADs; r = 0.56, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and aortic diameter diastole (ADd; r = 0.58, <i>p</i> < 0.001) were positively correlated with TE, indicating associations with increased left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and reduced ventricular compliance, while the aortic strain (AS; r = −0.44, <i>p</i> = 0.002), aortic distensibility (AD; r = −0.62, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and diastolic flow parameters including E (r = −0.41, <i>p</i> = 0.005), E/A (r = −0.38, <i>p</i> = 0.011), and E/Em (r = −0.31, <i>p</i> = 0.041) were negatively correlated with TE, reflecting impairments in diastolic function. <i>Conclusions</i>: This study showed that diastolic parameters were adversely affected in chronic RE. Therefore, we think that these individuals may have decreased relaxation and filling functions of the heart, which may also reduce adequate oxygen and nutrient delivery to the tissues. In this context, cohort studies are needed to analyze in detail the reasons for the decrease in diastolic parameters in these individuals. |
| format | Article |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-98b607aed9304866beee5a227439b2192025-08-20T02:56:56ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442024-12-016012200810.3390/medicina60122008The Effect of Training Experience on Cardiac Morphology in Resistance Exercise Practitioners: A Study on Left Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Parameters and Left Atrium Mechanical FunctionsAhmet Kurtoğlu0Ertuğrul Kurtoğlu1Bekir Çar2Özgür Eken3Jarosław Muracki4Edi Setiawan5Madawi H. Alotaibi6Safaa M. Elkholi7Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Science, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, 44170 Balikesir, TürkiyeDepartment of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Malatya Turgut Ozal University, 44170 Malatya, TürkiyeDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Teaching, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, 44170 Bandirma, TürkiyeDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Teaching, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Inonu University, 44170 Malatya, TürkiyeDepartment of Physical Culture and Health, Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 70-453 Szczecin, PolandFaculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Suryakancana, Cianjur 43211, IndonesiaDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia<i>Background and Objectives</i>: Resistance exercises (REs) are a type of physical activity that individuals from many age groups have been doing recreationally, both as amateurs and professionally, in their daily lives in recent years. It is crucial to understand the effects of such sports on cardiac morphology in order to maximize the benefit of training and to tailor the training content accordingly. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between training experience (TE) and left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic parameters and left atrial (LA) mechanical function in healthy subjects who regularly performed RE for different durations. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: Forty-five healthy adults [age = 28.91 ± 10.30 years, height = 178.37 ± 5.49 cm, weight = 83.15 ± 13.91 kg, body mass index = 26.03 ± 3.42 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, TE = 7.28 ± 6.49 years] who performed RE between 1 year and 20 years were included in our study. The transthoracic echocardiograms (ECHOs) of the participants were evaluated by the cross-sectional research method, which is often used to understand the current situation in a given time period. Correlations between TE and LV systolic and diastolic parameters and LA mechanical function were analyzed. <i>Results</i>: As a result, interventricular septal thickness (IVS; r = 0.33, <i>p</i> = 0.028), the aortic diameter systole (ADs; r = 0.56, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and aortic diameter diastole (ADd; r = 0.58, <i>p</i> < 0.001) were positively correlated with TE, indicating associations with increased left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and reduced ventricular compliance, while the aortic strain (AS; r = −0.44, <i>p</i> = 0.002), aortic distensibility (AD; r = −0.62, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and diastolic flow parameters including E (r = −0.41, <i>p</i> = 0.005), E/A (r = −0.38, <i>p</i> = 0.011), and E/Em (r = −0.31, <i>p</i> = 0.041) were negatively correlated with TE, reflecting impairments in diastolic function. <i>Conclusions</i>: This study showed that diastolic parameters were adversely affected in chronic RE. Therefore, we think that these individuals may have decreased relaxation and filling functions of the heart, which may also reduce adequate oxygen and nutrient delivery to the tissues. In this context, cohort studies are needed to analyze in detail the reasons for the decrease in diastolic parameters in these individuals.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/60/12/2008sport experienceleft atriumleft ventriclemechanical function |
| spellingShingle | Ahmet Kurtoğlu Ertuğrul Kurtoğlu Bekir Çar Özgür Eken Jarosław Muracki Edi Setiawan Madawi H. Alotaibi Safaa M. Elkholi The Effect of Training Experience on Cardiac Morphology in Resistance Exercise Practitioners: A Study on Left Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Parameters and Left Atrium Mechanical Functions Medicina sport experience left atrium left ventricle mechanical function |
| title | The Effect of Training Experience on Cardiac Morphology in Resistance Exercise Practitioners: A Study on Left Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Parameters and Left Atrium Mechanical Functions |
| title_full | The Effect of Training Experience on Cardiac Morphology in Resistance Exercise Practitioners: A Study on Left Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Parameters and Left Atrium Mechanical Functions |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of Training Experience on Cardiac Morphology in Resistance Exercise Practitioners: A Study on Left Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Parameters and Left Atrium Mechanical Functions |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Training Experience on Cardiac Morphology in Resistance Exercise Practitioners: A Study on Left Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Parameters and Left Atrium Mechanical Functions |
| title_short | The Effect of Training Experience on Cardiac Morphology in Resistance Exercise Practitioners: A Study on Left Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Parameters and Left Atrium Mechanical Functions |
| title_sort | effect of training experience on cardiac morphology in resistance exercise practitioners a study on left ventricular systolic and diastolic parameters and left atrium mechanical functions |
| topic | sport experience left atrium left ventricle mechanical function |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/60/12/2008 |
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