Hematologic health and athletic performance: exploring the role of anemia. A systematic review of clinical studies

Introduction   Anemia is a widespread hematological disorder characterized by low hemoglobin levels, which reduce the blood’s capacity to deliver oxygen to tissues. Iron deficiency, its leading cause, is essential for hemoglobin synthesis, myoglobin function, and energy production. While anemia ca...

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Main Authors: Gabriela Blecharz, Julia Szwech, Karolina Baran, Natalia Jańczyk, Karolina Mędrysa, Jakub Pokrzepa, Michał Presak, Alicja Winkowska, Marlena Jankowska, Katarzyna Bartnik
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń 2025-05-01
Series:Quality in Sport
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Online Access:https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/60140
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author Gabriela Blecharz
Julia Szwech
Karolina Baran
Natalia Jańczyk
Karolina Mędrysa
Jakub Pokrzepa
Michał Presak
Alicja Winkowska
Marlena Jankowska
Katarzyna Bartnik
author_facet Gabriela Blecharz
Julia Szwech
Karolina Baran
Natalia Jańczyk
Karolina Mędrysa
Jakub Pokrzepa
Michał Presak
Alicja Winkowska
Marlena Jankowska
Katarzyna Bartnik
author_sort Gabriela Blecharz
collection DOAJ
description Introduction   Anemia is a widespread hematological disorder characterized by low hemoglobin levels, which reduce the blood’s capacity to deliver oxygen to tissues. Iron deficiency, its leading cause, is essential for hemoglobin synthesis, myoglobin function, and energy production. While anemia can manifest in various forms, its impact on athletic performance remains a subject of ongoing research. Given the increasing prevalence of anemia among athletes, especially in endurance sports, understanding its effects on physical performance is essential for developing effective training and treatment approaches.   Aim of the study   The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of anemia on the physical performance of athletes, the effectiveness of iron supplementation and differences in the response to anemia in various sports groups.   Materials and methods   The article was created based on the PubMed and Cochrane databases. The literature was analyzed using the fallow keywords: anemia, athletes, sport, physical performance, hemoglobin, exercise tolerance, oxygen delivery.   Results   Anemia, particularly iron deficiency, significantly limits athletes' physical performance, especially in endurance sports where oxygen transport is crucial. Treatment with iron supplementation improves performance, but an individualized approach considering factors like gender, age, and sport type is necessary.   Conclusion   Effective diagnosis and treatment of anemia can enhance athletic performance. Regular hematological monitoring, personalized dietary strategies, and appropriate iron supplementation are recommended. Educating athletes, coaches, and medical staff on anemia prevention is essential for optimizing training and performance.    Key words   Anemia, athletes, sport, physical performance, hemoglobin, exercise tolerance, oxygen delivery.
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publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń
record_format Article
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spelling doaj-art-98a355369d114fea902c7b2b19ca82b02025-08-20T03:48:46ZengNicolaus Copernicus University in ToruńQuality in Sport2450-31182025-05-014110.12775/QS.2025.41.60140Hematologic health and athletic performance: exploring the role of anemia. A systematic review of clinical studiesGabriela Blecharzhttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-9275-3913Julia Szwechhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-3792-0101Karolina Baranhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-1627-5065Natalia Jańczykhttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-1862-9681Karolina Mędrysahttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-1557-0244Jakub Pokrzepahttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-7907-1511Michał Presakhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-0335-5917Alicja Winkowskahttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-2050-0031Marlena Jankowskahttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-2240-8853Katarzyna Bartnikhttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-9095-5875Introduction   Anemia is a widespread hematological disorder characterized by low hemoglobin levels, which reduce the blood’s capacity to deliver oxygen to tissues. Iron deficiency, its leading cause, is essential for hemoglobin synthesis, myoglobin function, and energy production. While anemia can manifest in various forms, its impact on athletic performance remains a subject of ongoing research. Given the increasing prevalence of anemia among athletes, especially in endurance sports, understanding its effects on physical performance is essential for developing effective training and treatment approaches.   Aim of the study   The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of anemia on the physical performance of athletes, the effectiveness of iron supplementation and differences in the response to anemia in various sports groups.   Materials and methods   The article was created based on the PubMed and Cochrane databases. The literature was analyzed using the fallow keywords: anemia, athletes, sport, physical performance, hemoglobin, exercise tolerance, oxygen delivery.   Results   Anemia, particularly iron deficiency, significantly limits athletes' physical performance, especially in endurance sports where oxygen transport is crucial. Treatment with iron supplementation improves performance, but an individualized approach considering factors like gender, age, and sport type is necessary.   Conclusion   Effective diagnosis and treatment of anemia can enhance athletic performance. Regular hematological monitoring, personalized dietary strategies, and appropriate iron supplementation are recommended. Educating athletes, coaches, and medical staff on anemia prevention is essential for optimizing training and performance.    Key words   Anemia, athletes, sport, physical performance, hemoglobin, exercise tolerance, oxygen delivery. https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/60140Anemiaathletessportphysical performancehemoglobinexercise tolerance
spellingShingle Gabriela Blecharz
Julia Szwech
Karolina Baran
Natalia Jańczyk
Karolina Mędrysa
Jakub Pokrzepa
Michał Presak
Alicja Winkowska
Marlena Jankowska
Katarzyna Bartnik
Hematologic health and athletic performance: exploring the role of anemia. A systematic review of clinical studies
Quality in Sport
Anemia
athletes
sport
physical performance
hemoglobin
exercise tolerance
title Hematologic health and athletic performance: exploring the role of anemia. A systematic review of clinical studies
title_full Hematologic health and athletic performance: exploring the role of anemia. A systematic review of clinical studies
title_fullStr Hematologic health and athletic performance: exploring the role of anemia. A systematic review of clinical studies
title_full_unstemmed Hematologic health and athletic performance: exploring the role of anemia. A systematic review of clinical studies
title_short Hematologic health and athletic performance: exploring the role of anemia. A systematic review of clinical studies
title_sort hematologic health and athletic performance exploring the role of anemia a systematic review of clinical studies
topic Anemia
athletes
sport
physical performance
hemoglobin
exercise tolerance
url https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/60140
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