Toxicity of Commercial Neem Extract to Earthworms (Pheretima peguana)
The LC50 of commercial neem extract (Sadao Thai III containing azadirachtin; NEEM) on filter paper in the earthworm Pheretima peguana at 48 h and 72 h was 3.79 and 3.33 𝜇g cm−2, respectively. In earthworms exposed to five NEEM concentrations from 0.39 (~10% of 48-h LC50) to 3.13 (~80% of 48-h LC50)...
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| Format: | Article |
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Wiley
2011-01-01
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| Series: | Applied and Environmental Soil Science |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/925950 |
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| author | Ptumporn Muangphra Ravi Gooneratne |
| author_facet | Ptumporn Muangphra Ravi Gooneratne |
| author_sort | Ptumporn Muangphra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The LC50 of commercial neem extract (Sadao Thai III containing azadirachtin; NEEM) on filter paper in the earthworm Pheretima peguana at 48 h and 72 h was 3.79 and 3.33 𝜇g cm−2, respectively. In earthworms exposed to five NEEM concentrations from 0.39 (~10% of 48-h LC50) to 3.13 (~80% of 48-h LC50) 𝜇g cm−2, the radial thickness of the epidermis and body wall significantly (𝑃<.05) decreased, and thickness of intestinal epithelium increased but only at high doses, approximately 25-fold above the concentration permitted for use as an insecticide in field applications (0.09 𝜇g cm−2). NEEM significantly (𝑃<.05) increased the number of binucleated coelomocytes in the micronucleus test (detects chromosomal aberrations) at 3.13 𝜇g cm−2, approximately 35-fold higher than the recommended dose, but it did not cause coelomocyte DNA single-strand breaks in the comet assay. Thus, NEEM is cytotoxic (increase in binucleates through the inhibition of cytokinesis) but not genotoxic to earthworm coelomocytes. This study demonstrates that the recommended dosage of commercial neem extract as an insecticide in agricultural practices is safe for earthworms. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-98a0ee37586f4237ac1a054dc8d8bb53 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-7667 1687-7675 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2011-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
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| series | Applied and Environmental Soil Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-98a0ee37586f4237ac1a054dc8d8bb532025-08-20T03:37:22ZengWileyApplied and Environmental Soil Science1687-76671687-76752011-01-01201110.1155/2011/925950925950Toxicity of Commercial Neem Extract to Earthworms (Pheretima peguana)Ptumporn Muangphra0Ravi Gooneratne1Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, ThailandFaculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Lincoln University, Canterbury, Lincoln 7647, New ZealandThe LC50 of commercial neem extract (Sadao Thai III containing azadirachtin; NEEM) on filter paper in the earthworm Pheretima peguana at 48 h and 72 h was 3.79 and 3.33 𝜇g cm−2, respectively. In earthworms exposed to five NEEM concentrations from 0.39 (~10% of 48-h LC50) to 3.13 (~80% of 48-h LC50) 𝜇g cm−2, the radial thickness of the epidermis and body wall significantly (𝑃<.05) decreased, and thickness of intestinal epithelium increased but only at high doses, approximately 25-fold above the concentration permitted for use as an insecticide in field applications (0.09 𝜇g cm−2). NEEM significantly (𝑃<.05) increased the number of binucleated coelomocytes in the micronucleus test (detects chromosomal aberrations) at 3.13 𝜇g cm−2, approximately 35-fold higher than the recommended dose, but it did not cause coelomocyte DNA single-strand breaks in the comet assay. Thus, NEEM is cytotoxic (increase in binucleates through the inhibition of cytokinesis) but not genotoxic to earthworm coelomocytes. This study demonstrates that the recommended dosage of commercial neem extract as an insecticide in agricultural practices is safe for earthworms.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/925950 |
| spellingShingle | Ptumporn Muangphra Ravi Gooneratne Toxicity of Commercial Neem Extract to Earthworms (Pheretima peguana) Applied and Environmental Soil Science |
| title | Toxicity of Commercial Neem Extract to Earthworms (Pheretima peguana) |
| title_full | Toxicity of Commercial Neem Extract to Earthworms (Pheretima peguana) |
| title_fullStr | Toxicity of Commercial Neem Extract to Earthworms (Pheretima peguana) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toxicity of Commercial Neem Extract to Earthworms (Pheretima peguana) |
| title_short | Toxicity of Commercial Neem Extract to Earthworms (Pheretima peguana) |
| title_sort | toxicity of commercial neem extract to earthworms pheretima peguana |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/925950 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ptumpornmuangphra toxicityofcommercialneemextracttoearthwormspheretimapeguana AT ravigooneratne toxicityofcommercialneemextracttoearthwormspheretimapeguana |