U-shaped association between serum calcium and all-cause mortality in coronary heart disease with chronic kidney disease: evidence from two cohort studies in China and the United States

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD), as a major risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD), had a large fluctuation of serum calcium in clinical research. Our study aims to identify the association between serum calcium and all-cause mortality in CHD patients with CKD.Methods A retrospective c...

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Main Authors: Shuling Su, Yongluan Lin, Weixin Ni, Haoxian Tang, Chuqi Gao, Xiulian Deng, Shiwan Wu, Yequn Chen, Xiaobin Ni
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Renal Failure
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/0886022X.2025.2528097
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author Shuling Su
Yongluan Lin
Weixin Ni
Haoxian Tang
Chuqi Gao
Xiulian Deng
Shiwan Wu
Yequn Chen
Xiaobin Ni
author_facet Shuling Su
Yongluan Lin
Weixin Ni
Haoxian Tang
Chuqi Gao
Xiulian Deng
Shiwan Wu
Yequn Chen
Xiaobin Ni
author_sort Shuling Su
collection DOAJ
description Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD), as a major risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD), had a large fluctuation of serum calcium in clinical research. Our study aims to identify the association between serum calcium and all-cause mortality in CHD patients with CKD.Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted, involving 2,286 participants from the CHD sub-cohort from the Eastern Guangdong Health and Disease Cohort Platform (EGHDCP) and 1,278 participants from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. Cox proportional hazards regression models, stratified analysis with interaction, restricted cubic splines (RCS), and threshold effect analysis were applied to investigate the association between serum calcium and all-cause mortality of CHD with CKD.Results The association between serum calcium and all-cause mortality of CHD patients with CKD from EGHDCP-CHD exhibited an U-shaped curve in RCS, which was similar to be observed in NHANES cohort. In EGHDCP-CHD cohort, Cox regression models demonstrated that subjects in the lowest or the highest serum calcium group had a significantly higher risk of mortality. Besides, both cohorts showed similar inflection points in the threshold analysis. In EGHDCP-CHD cohort, the risk of all-cause mortality reduced by 9.73% with every 0.1 mmol/L increased in serum calcium (Hazard ratio (HR) = 0.027, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.005-0.145, p < 0.001), while it increased by 30.46% when the serum calcium evaluated more than 2.27 mmol/L increased every 0.1 mmol/L (HR = 4.046, 95% CI: 1.143-14.319, p = 0.0302).Conclusion There was an U-shaped connection between serum calcium and all-cause mortality in CHD patients with CKD.
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series Renal Failure
spelling doaj-art-988b5c088ca2431f8cb16ebacb0aa02e2025-08-20T03:30:24ZengTaylor & Francis GroupRenal Failure0886-022X1525-60492025-12-0147110.1080/0886022X.2025.2528097U-shaped association between serum calcium and all-cause mortality in coronary heart disease with chronic kidney disease: evidence from two cohort studies in China and the United StatesShuling Su0Yongluan Lin1Weixin Ni2Haoxian Tang3Chuqi Gao4Xiulian Deng5Shiwan Wu6Yequn Chen7Xiaobin Ni8Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, ChinaShantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, ChinaKey Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Arrhythmia and Panvascular Disease, Shantou, Guangdong, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, ChinaBackground Chronic kidney disease (CKD), as a major risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD), had a large fluctuation of serum calcium in clinical research. Our study aims to identify the association between serum calcium and all-cause mortality in CHD patients with CKD.Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted, involving 2,286 participants from the CHD sub-cohort from the Eastern Guangdong Health and Disease Cohort Platform (EGHDCP) and 1,278 participants from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. Cox proportional hazards regression models, stratified analysis with interaction, restricted cubic splines (RCS), and threshold effect analysis were applied to investigate the association between serum calcium and all-cause mortality of CHD with CKD.Results The association between serum calcium and all-cause mortality of CHD patients with CKD from EGHDCP-CHD exhibited an U-shaped curve in RCS, which was similar to be observed in NHANES cohort. In EGHDCP-CHD cohort, Cox regression models demonstrated that subjects in the lowest or the highest serum calcium group had a significantly higher risk of mortality. Besides, both cohorts showed similar inflection points in the threshold analysis. In EGHDCP-CHD cohort, the risk of all-cause mortality reduced by 9.73% with every 0.1 mmol/L increased in serum calcium (Hazard ratio (HR) = 0.027, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.005-0.145, p < 0.001), while it increased by 30.46% when the serum calcium evaluated more than 2.27 mmol/L increased every 0.1 mmol/L (HR = 4.046, 95% CI: 1.143-14.319, p = 0.0302).Conclusion There was an U-shaped connection between serum calcium and all-cause mortality in CHD patients with CKD.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/0886022X.2025.2528097Serum calciumall-cause mortalitycoronary heart diseasechronic kidney diseaseU-shape
spellingShingle Shuling Su
Yongluan Lin
Weixin Ni
Haoxian Tang
Chuqi Gao
Xiulian Deng
Shiwan Wu
Yequn Chen
Xiaobin Ni
U-shaped association between serum calcium and all-cause mortality in coronary heart disease with chronic kidney disease: evidence from two cohort studies in China and the United States
Renal Failure
Serum calcium
all-cause mortality
coronary heart disease
chronic kidney disease
U-shape
title U-shaped association between serum calcium and all-cause mortality in coronary heart disease with chronic kidney disease: evidence from two cohort studies in China and the United States
title_full U-shaped association between serum calcium and all-cause mortality in coronary heart disease with chronic kidney disease: evidence from two cohort studies in China and the United States
title_fullStr U-shaped association between serum calcium and all-cause mortality in coronary heart disease with chronic kidney disease: evidence from two cohort studies in China and the United States
title_full_unstemmed U-shaped association between serum calcium and all-cause mortality in coronary heart disease with chronic kidney disease: evidence from two cohort studies in China and the United States
title_short U-shaped association between serum calcium and all-cause mortality in coronary heart disease with chronic kidney disease: evidence from two cohort studies in China and the United States
title_sort u shaped association between serum calcium and all cause mortality in coronary heart disease with chronic kidney disease evidence from two cohort studies in china and the united states
topic Serum calcium
all-cause mortality
coronary heart disease
chronic kidney disease
U-shape
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/0886022X.2025.2528097
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