TBESO-BP: an improved regression model for predicting subclinical mastitis

IntroductionSubclinical mastitis in dairy cows carries substantial economic, animal welfare, and biosecurity implications. The identification of subclinical forms of the disease is routinely performed through the measurement of somatic cell count (SCC) and microbiological tests. However, their accur...

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Main Authors: Kexin Han, Yongqiang Dai, Huan Liu, Junjie Hu, Leilei Liu, Zhihui Wang, Liping Wei
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Veterinary Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1396799/full
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author Kexin Han
Yongqiang Dai
Huan Liu
Junjie Hu
Leilei Liu
Zhihui Wang
Liping Wei
author_facet Kexin Han
Yongqiang Dai
Huan Liu
Junjie Hu
Leilei Liu
Zhihui Wang
Liping Wei
author_sort Kexin Han
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionSubclinical mastitis in dairy cows carries substantial economic, animal welfare, and biosecurity implications. The identification of subclinical forms of the disease is routinely performed through the measurement of somatic cell count (SCC) and microbiological tests. However, their accurate identification can be challenging, thereby limiting the opportunities for early interventions. In this study, an enhanced neural backpropagation (BP) network model for predicting somatic cell count is introduced. The model is based on TBESO (Multi-strategy Boosted Snake Optimizer) and utilizes monthly Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) data to forecast the status of subclinical mastitis in cows.Materials and methodsThe Monthly Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) data spanning from January 2022 to July 2022 (full dataset) was partitioned into both the training and testing datasets. TBESO addresses the challenge associated with erratic initial weights and thresholds in the BP neural network, impacting training outcomes. The algorithm employs three strategies to rectify issues related to insufficient population diversity, susceptibility to local optimization, and reduced accuracy in snake optimization. Additionally, six alternative regression prediction models for subclinical mastitis in dairy cows are developed within this study. The primary objective is to discern models by exhibiting higher predictive accuracy and lower error values.ResultsThe evaluation of the TBESO-BP model in the test phase reveals a coefficient of determination R2 = 0.94, a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 2.07, and a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 5.33. In comparison to six alternative models, the TBESO-BP model demonstrates superior accuracy and lower error values.DiscussionThe TBESO-BP model emerges as a precise tool for predicting subclinical mastitis in dairy cows. The TBESO algorithm notably enhances the efficacy of the BP neural network in regression prediction, ensuring elevated computational efficiency and practicality post-improvement.
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spelling doaj-art-986aaa518098480d96cfe6d1f9ff19fe2025-08-20T02:53:54ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692025-04-011210.3389/fvets.2025.13967991396799TBESO-BP: an improved regression model for predicting subclinical mastitisKexin Han0Yongqiang Dai1Huan Liu2Junjie Hu3Leilei Liu4Zhihui Wang5Liping Wei6College of Information Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, ChinaCollege of Information Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, ChinaCollege of Information Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, ChinaGansu Nongken Tianmu Dairy Co., Ltd., Jinchang, ChinaCollege of Information Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, ChinaCollege of Information Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, ChinaIntroductionSubclinical mastitis in dairy cows carries substantial economic, animal welfare, and biosecurity implications. The identification of subclinical forms of the disease is routinely performed through the measurement of somatic cell count (SCC) and microbiological tests. However, their accurate identification can be challenging, thereby limiting the opportunities for early interventions. In this study, an enhanced neural backpropagation (BP) network model for predicting somatic cell count is introduced. The model is based on TBESO (Multi-strategy Boosted Snake Optimizer) and utilizes monthly Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) data to forecast the status of subclinical mastitis in cows.Materials and methodsThe Monthly Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) data spanning from January 2022 to July 2022 (full dataset) was partitioned into both the training and testing datasets. TBESO addresses the challenge associated with erratic initial weights and thresholds in the BP neural network, impacting training outcomes. The algorithm employs three strategies to rectify issues related to insufficient population diversity, susceptibility to local optimization, and reduced accuracy in snake optimization. Additionally, six alternative regression prediction models for subclinical mastitis in dairy cows are developed within this study. The primary objective is to discern models by exhibiting higher predictive accuracy and lower error values.ResultsThe evaluation of the TBESO-BP model in the test phase reveals a coefficient of determination R2 = 0.94, a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 2.07, and a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 5.33. In comparison to six alternative models, the TBESO-BP model demonstrates superior accuracy and lower error values.DiscussionThe TBESO-BP model emerges as a precise tool for predicting subclinical mastitis in dairy cows. The TBESO algorithm notably enhances the efficacy of the BP neural network in regression prediction, ensuring elevated computational efficiency and practicality post-improvement.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1396799/fullsubclinical mastitissnake optimizationregression predictionneural networkDairy Herd Improvement
spellingShingle Kexin Han
Yongqiang Dai
Huan Liu
Junjie Hu
Leilei Liu
Zhihui Wang
Liping Wei
TBESO-BP: an improved regression model for predicting subclinical mastitis
Frontiers in Veterinary Science
subclinical mastitis
snake optimization
regression prediction
neural network
Dairy Herd Improvement
title TBESO-BP: an improved regression model for predicting subclinical mastitis
title_full TBESO-BP: an improved regression model for predicting subclinical mastitis
title_fullStr TBESO-BP: an improved regression model for predicting subclinical mastitis
title_full_unstemmed TBESO-BP: an improved regression model for predicting subclinical mastitis
title_short TBESO-BP: an improved regression model for predicting subclinical mastitis
title_sort tbeso bp an improved regression model for predicting subclinical mastitis
topic subclinical mastitis
snake optimization
regression prediction
neural network
Dairy Herd Improvement
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1396799/full
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