Bifidobacterium, Spirulina, and Yeast extracts in low-energy diets for rabbits: effects on performance, hematology, lipid metabolism, hepatorenal function, immunity and hormones
IntroductionThis research assessed the influence of probiotics in low-energy diets on the performance and health status of rabbits during the growing phase. The growth parameters, carcass metrics, serum immunological state, lipid profile, and hepatic and renal functioning of rabbits have been analys...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1615203/full |
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| author | Mohamed S. Shaheen Ahmed A. Allam Usama M. Abdel Monem Sabry M. Bassiony Bakry A. Khalil Ayman S. Salah Abdullah S. Alawam Hassan A. Rudayni Ahmed A. Elolimy Kasim Sakran Abass |
| author_facet | Mohamed S. Shaheen Ahmed A. Allam Usama M. Abdel Monem Sabry M. Bassiony Bakry A. Khalil Ayman S. Salah Abdullah S. Alawam Hassan A. Rudayni Ahmed A. Elolimy Kasim Sakran Abass |
| author_sort | Mohamed S. Shaheen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionThis research assessed the influence of probiotics in low-energy diets on the performance and health status of rabbits during the growing phase. The growth parameters, carcass metrics, serum immunological state, lipid profile, and hepatic and renal functioning of rabbits have been analysed.MethodsOne hundred male New Zealand White rabbits, aged 5 weeks, were split into five groups at random. The rabbits within each group were allocated into 10 replicates, comprising 2 rabbits each. The initial group (T1) received a standard energy diet (10.85 MJ/kg), the (T2) group was provided with a low energy diet (10.25 MJ/kg), whereas the T3, T4, and T5 groups were administered a low energy diet mixed with Bifidobacterium (1 ml/kg diet), Spirulina extract (2 ml/kg diet), and yeast extract (2 ml/kg diet), respectively.Results and DiscussionThe results showed a significant increase in growth performance with the treatment of biological feed additives, and the group treated with spirulina extract increased final body weight and weight gain (5-13 wk), while the group treated with bifidobacterium improved feed intake and feed conversion ratio (5–13 wk). Carcass traits were not significantly affected by probiotic supplementation (P > 0.05). Moreover, haematological parameters showed no significant changes (P > 0.05) with probiotic supplementation, except for red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), platelets (PLT), and basophils (BAS), which showed a significant variation (P < 0.05). Liver and kidney function tests showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) with probiotic treatments. Furthermore, thyroid hormones such as T3 and T4 were significantly enhanced by supplementation of probiotics (P < 0.0001). Immunoglobulins (IgA and IgG) were significantly enhanced by supplementation of probiotics when compared to low-energy diet group. Conclusively, probiotics in low-energy diet significantly enhanced rabbit growth, and serum immunity while improving lipid profiles and supporting liver and kidney functions. This supplementation strategy promoted both performance and overall health during the fattening period. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-985e2b321e914b0baea22b0c5048fe1b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-985e2b321e914b0baea22b0c5048fe1b2025-08-20T03:30:10ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692025-07-011210.3389/fvets.2025.16152031615203Bifidobacterium, Spirulina, and Yeast extracts in low-energy diets for rabbits: effects on performance, hematology, lipid metabolism, hepatorenal function, immunity and hormonesMohamed S. Shaheen0Ahmed A. Allam1Usama M. Abdel Monem2Sabry M. Bassiony3Bakry A. Khalil4Ayman S. Salah5Abdullah S. Alawam6Hassan A. Rudayni7Ahmed A. Elolimy8Kasim Sakran Abass9Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EgyptDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EgyptDepartment of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EgyptDepartment of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EgyptDepartment of Animal Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, El-Kharga, EgyptDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kirkuk, Kirkuk, IraqIntroductionThis research assessed the influence of probiotics in low-energy diets on the performance and health status of rabbits during the growing phase. The growth parameters, carcass metrics, serum immunological state, lipid profile, and hepatic and renal functioning of rabbits have been analysed.MethodsOne hundred male New Zealand White rabbits, aged 5 weeks, were split into five groups at random. The rabbits within each group were allocated into 10 replicates, comprising 2 rabbits each. The initial group (T1) received a standard energy diet (10.85 MJ/kg), the (T2) group was provided with a low energy diet (10.25 MJ/kg), whereas the T3, T4, and T5 groups were administered a low energy diet mixed with Bifidobacterium (1 ml/kg diet), Spirulina extract (2 ml/kg diet), and yeast extract (2 ml/kg diet), respectively.Results and DiscussionThe results showed a significant increase in growth performance with the treatment of biological feed additives, and the group treated with spirulina extract increased final body weight and weight gain (5-13 wk), while the group treated with bifidobacterium improved feed intake and feed conversion ratio (5–13 wk). Carcass traits were not significantly affected by probiotic supplementation (P > 0.05). Moreover, haematological parameters showed no significant changes (P > 0.05) with probiotic supplementation, except for red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), platelets (PLT), and basophils (BAS), which showed a significant variation (P < 0.05). Liver and kidney function tests showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) with probiotic treatments. Furthermore, thyroid hormones such as T3 and T4 were significantly enhanced by supplementation of probiotics (P < 0.0001). Immunoglobulins (IgA and IgG) were significantly enhanced by supplementation of probiotics when compared to low-energy diet group. Conclusively, probiotics in low-energy diet significantly enhanced rabbit growth, and serum immunity while improving lipid profiles and supporting liver and kidney functions. This supplementation strategy promoted both performance and overall health during the fattening period.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1615203/fullfeed additiveslow energy dietproductionblood metabolitesBifidobacteriumYeast extract |
| spellingShingle | Mohamed S. Shaheen Ahmed A. Allam Usama M. Abdel Monem Sabry M. Bassiony Bakry A. Khalil Ayman S. Salah Abdullah S. Alawam Hassan A. Rudayni Ahmed A. Elolimy Kasim Sakran Abass Bifidobacterium, Spirulina, and Yeast extracts in low-energy diets for rabbits: effects on performance, hematology, lipid metabolism, hepatorenal function, immunity and hormones Frontiers in Veterinary Science feed additives low energy diet production blood metabolites Bifidobacterium Yeast extract |
| title | Bifidobacterium, Spirulina, and Yeast extracts in low-energy diets for rabbits: effects on performance, hematology, lipid metabolism, hepatorenal function, immunity and hormones |
| title_full | Bifidobacterium, Spirulina, and Yeast extracts in low-energy diets for rabbits: effects on performance, hematology, lipid metabolism, hepatorenal function, immunity and hormones |
| title_fullStr | Bifidobacterium, Spirulina, and Yeast extracts in low-energy diets for rabbits: effects on performance, hematology, lipid metabolism, hepatorenal function, immunity and hormones |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bifidobacterium, Spirulina, and Yeast extracts in low-energy diets for rabbits: effects on performance, hematology, lipid metabolism, hepatorenal function, immunity and hormones |
| title_short | Bifidobacterium, Spirulina, and Yeast extracts in low-energy diets for rabbits: effects on performance, hematology, lipid metabolism, hepatorenal function, immunity and hormones |
| title_sort | bifidobacterium spirulina and yeast extracts in low energy diets for rabbits effects on performance hematology lipid metabolism hepatorenal function immunity and hormones |
| topic | feed additives low energy diet production blood metabolites Bifidobacterium Yeast extract |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1615203/full |
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