JWST COMPASS: NIRSpec/G395H Transmission Observations of the Super-Earth TOI-776 b

We present two transit observations of the ∼520 K, 1.85 R _⊕ , 4.0 M _⊕ super-Earth TOI-776 b with JWST NIRSpec/G395H, resulting in a 2.8–5.2 μ m transmission spectrum. Producing reductions using the ExoTiC-JEDI and Eureka! pipelines, we obtain a median transit depth precision of 34 ppm for both vis...

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Main Authors: Lili Alderson, Sarah E. Moran, Nicole L. Wallack, Natasha E. Batalha, Nicholas F. Wogan, Anne Dattilo, Hannah R. Wakeford, Jea Adams Redai, Munazza K. Alam, Artyom Aguichine, Natalie M. Batalha, Anna Gagnebin, Peter Gao, James Kirk, Mercedes López-Morales, Annabella Meech, Johanna Teske, Angie Wolfgang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:The Astronomical Journal
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/adad64
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author Lili Alderson
Sarah E. Moran
Nicole L. Wallack
Natasha E. Batalha
Nicholas F. Wogan
Anne Dattilo
Hannah R. Wakeford
Jea Adams Redai
Munazza K. Alam
Artyom Aguichine
Natalie M. Batalha
Anna Gagnebin
Peter Gao
James Kirk
Mercedes López-Morales
Annabella Meech
Johanna Teske
Angie Wolfgang
author_facet Lili Alderson
Sarah E. Moran
Nicole L. Wallack
Natasha E. Batalha
Nicholas F. Wogan
Anne Dattilo
Hannah R. Wakeford
Jea Adams Redai
Munazza K. Alam
Artyom Aguichine
Natalie M. Batalha
Anna Gagnebin
Peter Gao
James Kirk
Mercedes López-Morales
Annabella Meech
Johanna Teske
Angie Wolfgang
author_sort Lili Alderson
collection DOAJ
description We present two transit observations of the ∼520 K, 1.85 R _⊕ , 4.0 M _⊕ super-Earth TOI-776 b with JWST NIRSpec/G395H, resulting in a 2.8–5.2 μ m transmission spectrum. Producing reductions using the ExoTiC-JEDI and Eureka! pipelines, we obtain a median transit depth precision of 34 ppm for both visits and both reductions in spectroscopic channels 30 pixels wide (∼0.02 μ m). We find that our independent reductions produce consistent transmission spectra; however, each visit shows differing overall structure. For both reductions, a flat line is preferred for Visit 1 while a flat line with an offset between the NRS1 and NRS2 detectors is preferred for Visit 2; however, we are able to correct for this offset during our modeling analysis following methods outlined in previous works. Using PICASO forward models, we can rule out metallicities up to at least 100× solar with an opaque pressure of 10 ^−3 bars to ≥3 σ in all cases; however, the exact lower limit varies between the visits, with Visit 1 ruling out ≲100× solar while the lower limits for Visit 2 extend beyond ∼350× solar. Our results add to the growing list of super-Earth atmospheric constraints by JWST, which provide critical insight into the diversity and challenges of characterizing terrestrial planets.
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spelling doaj-art-9820e1949e724b308a2fc4cb57f8285f2025-08-20T01:54:06ZengIOP PublishingThe Astronomical Journal1538-38812025-01-01169314210.3847/1538-3881/adad64JWST COMPASS: NIRSpec/G395H Transmission Observations of the Super-Earth TOI-776 bLili Alderson0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8703-7751Sarah E. Moran1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6721-3284Nicole L. Wallack2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0354-0187Natasha E. Batalha3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1240-6844Nicholas F. Wogan4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0413-3308Anne Dattilo5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1092-2995Hannah R. Wakeford6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4328-3867Jea Adams Redai7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4489-3168Munazza K. Alam8https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4157-832XArtyom Aguichine9https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8949-5956Natalie M. Batalha10https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7030-9519Anna Gagnebin11https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2576-9422Peter Gao12https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8518-9601James Kirk13https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4207-6615Mercedes López-Morales14https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3204-8183Annabella Meech15https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7500-7173Johanna Teske16https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2801-5040Angie Wolfgang17https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2862-6278Department of Astronomy, Cornell University , 122 Sciences Drive, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; School of Physics, University of Bristol , HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UKNASA Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USAEarth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science , 5241 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, DC 20015, USANASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field, CA 94035, USANASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field, CA 94035, USADepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USASchool of Physics, University of Bristol , HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UKCenter for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USASpace Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USADepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USADepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USADepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USAEarth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science , 5241 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, DC 20015, USADepartment of Physics, Imperial College London , London, UKSpace Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USACenter for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAEarth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science , 5241 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA; The Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science , 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USAEureka Scientific Inc. , 2452 Delmer Street, Suite 100, Oakland, CA 94602-3017, USAWe present two transit observations of the ∼520 K, 1.85 R _⊕ , 4.0 M _⊕ super-Earth TOI-776 b with JWST NIRSpec/G395H, resulting in a 2.8–5.2 μ m transmission spectrum. Producing reductions using the ExoTiC-JEDI and Eureka! pipelines, we obtain a median transit depth precision of 34 ppm for both visits and both reductions in spectroscopic channels 30 pixels wide (∼0.02 μ m). We find that our independent reductions produce consistent transmission spectra; however, each visit shows differing overall structure. For both reductions, a flat line is preferred for Visit 1 while a flat line with an offset between the NRS1 and NRS2 detectors is preferred for Visit 2; however, we are able to correct for this offset during our modeling analysis following methods outlined in previous works. Using PICASO forward models, we can rule out metallicities up to at least 100× solar with an opaque pressure of 10 ^−3 bars to ≥3 σ in all cases; however, the exact lower limit varies between the visits, with Visit 1 ruling out ≲100× solar while the lower limits for Visit 2 extend beyond ∼350× solar. Our results add to the growing list of super-Earth atmospheric constraints by JWST, which provide critical insight into the diversity and challenges of characterizing terrestrial planets.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/adad64Exoplanet atmospheresExoplanet atmospheric compositionExoplanetsInfrared spectroscopy
spellingShingle Lili Alderson
Sarah E. Moran
Nicole L. Wallack
Natasha E. Batalha
Nicholas F. Wogan
Anne Dattilo
Hannah R. Wakeford
Jea Adams Redai
Munazza K. Alam
Artyom Aguichine
Natalie M. Batalha
Anna Gagnebin
Peter Gao
James Kirk
Mercedes López-Morales
Annabella Meech
Johanna Teske
Angie Wolfgang
JWST COMPASS: NIRSpec/G395H Transmission Observations of the Super-Earth TOI-776 b
The Astronomical Journal
Exoplanet atmospheres
Exoplanet atmospheric composition
Exoplanets
Infrared spectroscopy
title JWST COMPASS: NIRSpec/G395H Transmission Observations of the Super-Earth TOI-776 b
title_full JWST COMPASS: NIRSpec/G395H Transmission Observations of the Super-Earth TOI-776 b
title_fullStr JWST COMPASS: NIRSpec/G395H Transmission Observations of the Super-Earth TOI-776 b
title_full_unstemmed JWST COMPASS: NIRSpec/G395H Transmission Observations of the Super-Earth TOI-776 b
title_short JWST COMPASS: NIRSpec/G395H Transmission Observations of the Super-Earth TOI-776 b
title_sort jwst compass nirspec g395h transmission observations of the super earth toi 776 b
topic Exoplanet atmospheres
Exoplanet atmospheric composition
Exoplanets
Infrared spectroscopy
url https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/adad64
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