Persistent and robust antibody responses to ChAdOx1-S Oxford-AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1-S, Covishield) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine observed in Ugandans across varied baseline immune profiles.

Understanding SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced antibody responses in varied antigenic and serological prior exposures can guide optimal vaccination strategies for enhanced immunogenicity. We evaluated spike (S)-directed IgG, IgM, and IgA antibody optical densities (ODs) and concentrations to the two-dose...

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Main Authors: Jennifer Serwanga, Gerald Kevin Oluka, Claire Baine, Violet Ankunda, Jackson Sembera, Laban Kato, Joseph Ssebwana Katende, Geoffrey Odoch, Betty Oliver Auma, Ben Gombe, COVID-19 Immunoprofiling Team, Monica Musenero, Pontiano Kaleebu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2024-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303113
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author Jennifer Serwanga
Gerald Kevin Oluka
Claire Baine
Violet Ankunda
Jackson Sembera
Laban Kato
Joseph Ssebwana Katende
Geoffrey Odoch
Betty Oliver Auma
Ben Gombe
COVID-19 Immunoprofiling Team
Monica Musenero
Pontiano Kaleebu
author_facet Jennifer Serwanga
Gerald Kevin Oluka
Claire Baine
Violet Ankunda
Jackson Sembera
Laban Kato
Joseph Ssebwana Katende
Geoffrey Odoch
Betty Oliver Auma
Ben Gombe
COVID-19 Immunoprofiling Team
Monica Musenero
Pontiano Kaleebu
author_sort Jennifer Serwanga
collection DOAJ
description Understanding SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced antibody responses in varied antigenic and serological prior exposures can guide optimal vaccination strategies for enhanced immunogenicity. We evaluated spike (S)-directed IgG, IgM, and IgA antibody optical densities (ODs) and concentrations to the two-dose ChAdOx1-S Oxford-AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1-S, Covishield) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in 67 Ugandans, categorised by prior infection and baseline S-IgG histories: uninfected and S-IgG-negative (n = 12); previously infected yet S-IgG-negative (n = 17); and previously infected with S-IgG-positive status (n = 38). Antibody dynamics were compared across eight timepoints from baseline till nine months. S-IgG antibodies remained consistently potent across all groups. Individuals with prior infections maintained robust S-IgG levels, underscoring the endurance of hybrid immunity. In contrast, those without prior exposure experienced an initial surge in S-IgG after the primary dose but no subsequent significant increase post-boost. However, they reached levels parallel to the previously exposed groups. S-IgM levels remained moderate, while S-IgA persisted in individuals with prior antigen exposure. ChAdOx1-S, Covishield vaccine elicited robust and sustained antibody responses in recipients, irrespective of their initial immune profiles. Hybrid immunity showed higher responses, aligning with global observations. Early post-vaccination antibody levels could predict long-term immunity, particularly in individuals without virus exposure. These findings can inform vaccine strategies and pandemic management.
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spelling doaj-art-97ffa7599c1441e4807481d7a29eb2bb2025-08-20T03:25:18ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032024-01-01197e030311310.1371/journal.pone.0303113Persistent and robust antibody responses to ChAdOx1-S Oxford-AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1-S, Covishield) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine observed in Ugandans across varied baseline immune profiles.Jennifer SerwangaGerald Kevin OlukaClaire BaineViolet AnkundaJackson SemberaLaban KatoJoseph Ssebwana KatendeGeoffrey OdochBetty Oliver AumaBen GombeCOVID-19 Immunoprofiling TeamMonica MuseneroPontiano KaleebuUnderstanding SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced antibody responses in varied antigenic and serological prior exposures can guide optimal vaccination strategies for enhanced immunogenicity. We evaluated spike (S)-directed IgG, IgM, and IgA antibody optical densities (ODs) and concentrations to the two-dose ChAdOx1-S Oxford-AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1-S, Covishield) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in 67 Ugandans, categorised by prior infection and baseline S-IgG histories: uninfected and S-IgG-negative (n = 12); previously infected yet S-IgG-negative (n = 17); and previously infected with S-IgG-positive status (n = 38). Antibody dynamics were compared across eight timepoints from baseline till nine months. S-IgG antibodies remained consistently potent across all groups. Individuals with prior infections maintained robust S-IgG levels, underscoring the endurance of hybrid immunity. In contrast, those without prior exposure experienced an initial surge in S-IgG after the primary dose but no subsequent significant increase post-boost. However, they reached levels parallel to the previously exposed groups. S-IgM levels remained moderate, while S-IgA persisted in individuals with prior antigen exposure. ChAdOx1-S, Covishield vaccine elicited robust and sustained antibody responses in recipients, irrespective of their initial immune profiles. Hybrid immunity showed higher responses, aligning with global observations. Early post-vaccination antibody levels could predict long-term immunity, particularly in individuals without virus exposure. These findings can inform vaccine strategies and pandemic management.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303113
spellingShingle Jennifer Serwanga
Gerald Kevin Oluka
Claire Baine
Violet Ankunda
Jackson Sembera
Laban Kato
Joseph Ssebwana Katende
Geoffrey Odoch
Betty Oliver Auma
Ben Gombe
COVID-19 Immunoprofiling Team
Monica Musenero
Pontiano Kaleebu
Persistent and robust antibody responses to ChAdOx1-S Oxford-AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1-S, Covishield) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine observed in Ugandans across varied baseline immune profiles.
PLoS ONE
title Persistent and robust antibody responses to ChAdOx1-S Oxford-AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1-S, Covishield) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine observed in Ugandans across varied baseline immune profiles.
title_full Persistent and robust antibody responses to ChAdOx1-S Oxford-AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1-S, Covishield) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine observed in Ugandans across varied baseline immune profiles.
title_fullStr Persistent and robust antibody responses to ChAdOx1-S Oxford-AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1-S, Covishield) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine observed in Ugandans across varied baseline immune profiles.
title_full_unstemmed Persistent and robust antibody responses to ChAdOx1-S Oxford-AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1-S, Covishield) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine observed in Ugandans across varied baseline immune profiles.
title_short Persistent and robust antibody responses to ChAdOx1-S Oxford-AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1-S, Covishield) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine observed in Ugandans across varied baseline immune profiles.
title_sort persistent and robust antibody responses to chadox1 s oxford astrazeneca chadox1 s covishield sars cov 2 vaccine observed in ugandans across varied baseline immune profiles
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303113
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