Trends in colorectal cancer surgical resection rates during the screening era: a retrospective study in Italy

Background Faecal immunochemical test (FIT)-based screening is effective in reducing colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence, but its sensitivity for proximal lesions remains low.Objectives We compared age-adjusted CRC surgical resection rates across anatomic sites (proximal colon, distal colon, rectum),...

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Main Authors: Manuel Zorzi, Carmen Stocco, Stefano Guzzinati, Marta Sbaraglia, Silvia Rizzato, Salvatore Pucciarelli, Nicola Gennaro, Lucia Calciano, Gaya Spolverato, Laura Memo, Emanuele D L Urso, Silvia Negro
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2024-07-01
Series:BMJ Open Gastroenterology
Online Access:https://bmjopengastro.bmj.com/content/11/1/e001434.full
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author Manuel Zorzi
Carmen Stocco
Stefano Guzzinati
Marta Sbaraglia
Silvia Rizzato
Salvatore Pucciarelli
Nicola Gennaro
Lucia Calciano
Gaya Spolverato
Laura Memo
Emanuele D L Urso
Silvia Negro
author_facet Manuel Zorzi
Carmen Stocco
Stefano Guzzinati
Marta Sbaraglia
Silvia Rizzato
Salvatore Pucciarelli
Nicola Gennaro
Lucia Calciano
Gaya Spolverato
Laura Memo
Emanuele D L Urso
Silvia Negro
author_sort Manuel Zorzi
collection DOAJ
description Background Faecal immunochemical test (FIT)-based screening is effective in reducing colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence, but its sensitivity for proximal lesions remains low.Objectives We compared age-adjusted CRC surgical resection rates across anatomic sites (proximal colon, distal colon, rectum), age groups and sex over 20 years in a large Italian population. We particularly focused on changes in trends following FIT-screening implementation in the target population (50–69 years).Design This retrospective study analysed data from the Veneto Region’s administrative Hospital Discharge Dataset, involving over 54 000 patients aged 40–89 (43.4% female) who underwent CRC surgery between 2002 and 2021.Results Overall, surgery rates increased until 2007 (annual percentage changes: 2.5% in males, 2.9% in females) and then declined (−4.2% in males, −3.4% in females). This decline was steeper for distal and rectal cancers compared with proximal cancer, suggesting a shift towards more right-sided CRC surgery.In males, the prescreening increase in proximal surgery was reversed after screening implementation (slope change: −6%) while the prescreening decline accelerated for distal (−4%) and rectal (−3%) surgeries. In females, stable prescreening trends shifted downward for all sites (−5% for proximal, −8% for distal and −7% for rectal surgery). However, the change in trends between prescreening and postscreening periods was not different across anatomic sites for either sex (all slope change differences in pairwise comparisons were not statistically significant).Conclusion The shift towards proximal surgery may not be entirely due to the FIT’s low sensitivity but may reflect an underlying upward trend in proximal cancers independent of screening.
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spelling doaj-art-97fb6a2f19a54b6583950dce8cda5cc62025-08-20T03:12:35ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open Gastroenterology2054-47742024-07-0111110.1136/bmjgast-2024-001434Trends in colorectal cancer surgical resection rates during the screening era: a retrospective study in ItalyManuel Zorzi0Carmen Stocco1Stefano Guzzinati2Marta Sbaraglia3Silvia Rizzato4Salvatore Pucciarelli5Nicola Gennaro6Lucia Calciano7Gaya Spolverato8Laura Memo9Emanuele D L Urso10Silvia Negro112 Veneto Tumor Registry, Azienda Zero, Padova, Veneto, ItalyEpidemiological Department, Azienda Zero, Padova, ItalyEpidemiological Department, Azienda Zero, Padova, ItalyDepartment of Medicine (DIMED), Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padova, ItalyEpidemiological Department, Azienda Zero, Padova, ItalyDepartment of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences (DiSCOG), University of Padua, Padova, ItalyEpidemiological Department, Azienda Zero, Padova, ItalyEpidemiological Department, Azienda Zero, Padova, ItalyDepartment of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences (DiSCOG), University of Padua, Padova, ItalyEpidemiological Department, Azienda Zero, Padova, ItalyDepartment of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences (DiSCOG), University of Padua, Padova, ItalyDepartment of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences (DiSCOG), University of Padua, Padova, ItalyBackground Faecal immunochemical test (FIT)-based screening is effective in reducing colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence, but its sensitivity for proximal lesions remains low.Objectives We compared age-adjusted CRC surgical resection rates across anatomic sites (proximal colon, distal colon, rectum), age groups and sex over 20 years in a large Italian population. We particularly focused on changes in trends following FIT-screening implementation in the target population (50–69 years).Design This retrospective study analysed data from the Veneto Region’s administrative Hospital Discharge Dataset, involving over 54 000 patients aged 40–89 (43.4% female) who underwent CRC surgery between 2002 and 2021.Results Overall, surgery rates increased until 2007 (annual percentage changes: 2.5% in males, 2.9% in females) and then declined (−4.2% in males, −3.4% in females). This decline was steeper for distal and rectal cancers compared with proximal cancer, suggesting a shift towards more right-sided CRC surgery.In males, the prescreening increase in proximal surgery was reversed after screening implementation (slope change: −6%) while the prescreening decline accelerated for distal (−4%) and rectal (−3%) surgeries. In females, stable prescreening trends shifted downward for all sites (−5% for proximal, −8% for distal and −7% for rectal surgery). However, the change in trends between prescreening and postscreening periods was not different across anatomic sites for either sex (all slope change differences in pairwise comparisons were not statistically significant).Conclusion The shift towards proximal surgery may not be entirely due to the FIT’s low sensitivity but may reflect an underlying upward trend in proximal cancers independent of screening.https://bmjopengastro.bmj.com/content/11/1/e001434.full
spellingShingle Manuel Zorzi
Carmen Stocco
Stefano Guzzinati
Marta Sbaraglia
Silvia Rizzato
Salvatore Pucciarelli
Nicola Gennaro
Lucia Calciano
Gaya Spolverato
Laura Memo
Emanuele D L Urso
Silvia Negro
Trends in colorectal cancer surgical resection rates during the screening era: a retrospective study in Italy
BMJ Open Gastroenterology
title Trends in colorectal cancer surgical resection rates during the screening era: a retrospective study in Italy
title_full Trends in colorectal cancer surgical resection rates during the screening era: a retrospective study in Italy
title_fullStr Trends in colorectal cancer surgical resection rates during the screening era: a retrospective study in Italy
title_full_unstemmed Trends in colorectal cancer surgical resection rates during the screening era: a retrospective study in Italy
title_short Trends in colorectal cancer surgical resection rates during the screening era: a retrospective study in Italy
title_sort trends in colorectal cancer surgical resection rates during the screening era a retrospective study in italy
url https://bmjopengastro.bmj.com/content/11/1/e001434.full
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