Deciphering Acute Coronary Syndromes Pathobiology Through Proteomics

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) refers to a spectrum of conditions characterized by a sudden decrease in blood flow to the heart. This includes unstable angina, the mildest form, as well as non-ST- and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. The primary cause of ACS is typically the rupture or ero...

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Main Authors: Gabriele Nieddu, Marilena Formato, Antonio Junior Lepedda
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2308-3425/12/5/188
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author Gabriele Nieddu
Marilena Formato
Antonio Junior Lepedda
author_facet Gabriele Nieddu
Marilena Formato
Antonio Junior Lepedda
author_sort Gabriele Nieddu
collection DOAJ
description Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) refers to a spectrum of conditions characterized by a sudden decrease in blood flow to the heart. This includes unstable angina, the mildest form, as well as non-ST- and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. The primary cause of ACS is typically the rupture or erosion of an atherosclerotic plaque in a coronary artery, resulting in the formation of a blood clot that can, partially or completely, block the blood flow to the heart muscle. The ongoing discovery and comprehension of emerging biomarkers for atherosclerosis could enhance our capacity to predict future events, particularly when integrated alongside traditional risk factors in assessing overall risk profiles. With advancements in proteomic technologies, large-scale approaches have been increasingly instrumental in unraveling pathways implicated in atherosclerotic degeneration and identifying novel circulating markers, which may serve as early diagnostic indicators or targets for innovative therapies. Over recent decades, numerous matrices including plasma, urine, microparticles, lipoproteins, atherosclerotic plaque extracts and secretomes, as well as thrombi, have been examined to address these questions. Furthermore, proteomics has been applied to various experimental models of atherosclerosis to deepen our understanding of the mechanisms underlying atherogenesis. This review offers a critical overview of the past two decades of untargeted omics research focused on identifying circulating and tissue biomarkers relevant to ACS.
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spelling doaj-art-97f74ae285644635b943573a113b97f82025-08-20T01:56:24ZengMDPI AGJournal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease2308-34252025-05-0112518810.3390/jcdd12050188Deciphering Acute Coronary Syndromes Pathobiology Through ProteomicsGabriele Nieddu0Marilena Formato1Antonio Junior Lepedda2Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, ItalyAcute coronary syndrome (ACS) refers to a spectrum of conditions characterized by a sudden decrease in blood flow to the heart. This includes unstable angina, the mildest form, as well as non-ST- and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. The primary cause of ACS is typically the rupture or erosion of an atherosclerotic plaque in a coronary artery, resulting in the formation of a blood clot that can, partially or completely, block the blood flow to the heart muscle. The ongoing discovery and comprehension of emerging biomarkers for atherosclerosis could enhance our capacity to predict future events, particularly when integrated alongside traditional risk factors in assessing overall risk profiles. With advancements in proteomic technologies, large-scale approaches have been increasingly instrumental in unraveling pathways implicated in atherosclerotic degeneration and identifying novel circulating markers, which may serve as early diagnostic indicators or targets for innovative therapies. Over recent decades, numerous matrices including plasma, urine, microparticles, lipoproteins, atherosclerotic plaque extracts and secretomes, as well as thrombi, have been examined to address these questions. Furthermore, proteomics has been applied to various experimental models of atherosclerosis to deepen our understanding of the mechanisms underlying atherogenesis. This review offers a critical overview of the past two decades of untargeted omics research focused on identifying circulating and tissue biomarkers relevant to ACS.https://www.mdpi.com/2308-3425/12/5/188CVDproteomicsACS biomarkersplaque vulnerability
spellingShingle Gabriele Nieddu
Marilena Formato
Antonio Junior Lepedda
Deciphering Acute Coronary Syndromes Pathobiology Through Proteomics
Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
CVD
proteomics
ACS biomarkers
plaque vulnerability
title Deciphering Acute Coronary Syndromes Pathobiology Through Proteomics
title_full Deciphering Acute Coronary Syndromes Pathobiology Through Proteomics
title_fullStr Deciphering Acute Coronary Syndromes Pathobiology Through Proteomics
title_full_unstemmed Deciphering Acute Coronary Syndromes Pathobiology Through Proteomics
title_short Deciphering Acute Coronary Syndromes Pathobiology Through Proteomics
title_sort deciphering acute coronary syndromes pathobiology through proteomics
topic CVD
proteomics
ACS biomarkers
plaque vulnerability
url https://www.mdpi.com/2308-3425/12/5/188
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