Six months of hybrid closed-loop therapy improves diabetes-specific positive well-being, and reduces diabetes distress and fear of hypoglycemia: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial

Introduction This analysis aimed to investigate diabetes-specific psychological outcomes among adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using hybrid closed-loop (HCL) versus standard therapy.Research design and methods In this multicenter, open-label, randomized, controlled, parallel-group clinical trial,...

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Main Authors: Anthony C Keech, Vijaya Sundararajan, Bruce R King, Sara Vogrin, Richard J MacIsaac, Leon A Bach, Jane Speight, Alicia J Jenkins, Christel Hendrieckx, David O’Neal, Sybil A McAuley, Geoff R Ambler, Fergus J Cameron, Jan M Fairchild, Elizabeth A Davis, Timothy W Jones, Morton G Burt, Philip M Clarke, Neale D Cohen, Peter G Colman, Joey Kaye, Kavita Kumareswaran, Melissa H Lee, Roland W Mccallum, Barbora Paldus, Stephen N Stranks, Steven Trawley, Glenn M Ward, David N O’Neal, Sienna Russell-Green, Deborah Jane Holmes-Walker, Benjamin Lam, Jennifer A Halliday, Glenn Ward, Catriona M Sims, D Jane Holmes-Walker, Andrzej Januszewski, Hanafi Mohammed Husin, Martin I de Bock, Mary B Abraham
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Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2024-12-01
Series:BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care
Online Access:https://drc.bmj.com/content/12/6/e004428.full
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author Anthony C Keech
Vijaya Sundararajan
Bruce R King
Sara Vogrin
Richard J MacIsaac
Leon A Bach
Jane Speight
Alicia J Jenkins
Christel Hendrieckx
David O’Neal
Sybil A McAuley
Geoff R Ambler
Fergus J Cameron
Jan M Fairchild
Elizabeth A Davis
Timothy W Jones
Morton G Burt
Philip M Clarke
Neale D Cohen
Peter G Colman
Joey Kaye
Kavita Kumareswaran
Melissa H Lee
Roland W Mccallum
Barbora Paldus
Stephen N Stranks
Steven Trawley
Glenn M Ward
David N O’Neal
Sienna Russell-Green
Deborah Jane Holmes-Walker
Benjamin Lam
Jennifer A Halliday
Glenn Ward
Catriona M Sims
D Jane Holmes-Walker
Andrzej Januszewski
Hanafi Mohammed Husin
Martin I de Bock
Mary B Abraham
author_facet Anthony C Keech
Vijaya Sundararajan
Bruce R King
Sara Vogrin
Richard J MacIsaac
Leon A Bach
Jane Speight
Alicia J Jenkins
Christel Hendrieckx
David O’Neal
Sybil A McAuley
Geoff R Ambler
Fergus J Cameron
Jan M Fairchild
Elizabeth A Davis
Timothy W Jones
Morton G Burt
Philip M Clarke
Neale D Cohen
Peter G Colman
Joey Kaye
Kavita Kumareswaran
Melissa H Lee
Roland W Mccallum
Barbora Paldus
Stephen N Stranks
Steven Trawley
Glenn M Ward
David N O’Neal
Sienna Russell-Green
Deborah Jane Holmes-Walker
Benjamin Lam
Jennifer A Halliday
Glenn Ward
Catriona M Sims
D Jane Holmes-Walker
Andrzej Januszewski
Hanafi Mohammed Husin
Martin I de Bock
Mary B Abraham
collection DOAJ
description Introduction This analysis aimed to investigate diabetes-specific psychological outcomes among adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using hybrid closed-loop (HCL) versus standard therapy.Research design and methods In this multicenter, open-label, randomized, controlled, parallel-group clinical trial, adults with T1D were allocated to 26 weeks of HCL (MiniMed™ 670G) or standard therapy (insulin pump or multiple daily injections without real-time continuous glucose monitoring). Psychological outcomes (awareness and fear of hypoglycemia; and diabetes-specific positive well-being, diabetes distress, diabetes treatment satisfaction, and diabetes-specific quality of life (QoL)) were measured at enrollment, mid-trial and end-trial. Linear mixed models were conducted, using restricted maximum likelihood estimation, unadjusted and adjusted (for covariates: age, sex, diabetes duration, glycated hemoglobin, recent severe hypoglycemia, pre-trial insulin delivery modality, enrollment and mid-study scores).Results 120 participants (mean age 44±12 years) were randomized to intervention (n=61) or standard therapy (n=59). At 13 weeks, the HCL group had better diabetes-specific positive well-being than the standard therapy group (unadjusted: Δ=1.0, p=0.025; adjusted: Δ=1.1, p=0.01), which was maintained at 26 weeks (unadjusted: Δ=0.9, p=0.042; adjusted: Δ=1.0, p=0.023). At 26 weeks, the HCL group also had less diabetes distress (adjusted: Δ=−6.4, p=0.039), fear of hypoglycemia (“maintain high”: adjusted: Δ=−0.8, p=0.034; and “worry”: adjusted: Δ=−1.8, p=0.048), and perceived “unacceptably high glucose levels” (unadjusted: Δ=−1.1, p<0.001; adjusted: Δ=−1.1, p<0.001). HCL did not improve diabetes treatment satisfaction, diabetes-specific QoL, hypoglycemia awareness, or perceived frequency of unacceptably low glucose levels.Conclusions These findings imply that HCL offers important psychological benefits. In particular, improvement in diabetes-specific positive well-being was observed 13 weeks after HCL initiation and maintained at 26 weeks. Reduction in the perceived frequency of hyperglycemia was also apparent by 26 weeks. Adjusted analyses showed significant reductions in diabetes distress and fear of hypoglycemia at 26 weeks, suggesting these benefits were apparent for people with particular characteristics.Trial registration number Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12617000520336.
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spelling doaj-art-97f4a0df78df43928cf0aabb70025c102025-08-20T02:35:57ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care2052-48972024-12-0112610.1136/bmjdrc-2024-004428Six months of hybrid closed-loop therapy improves diabetes-specific positive well-being, and reduces diabetes distress and fear of hypoglycemia: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial Anthony C Keech0Vijaya Sundararajan1Bruce R KingSara VogrinRichard J MacIsaacLeon A Bach2Jane Speight3Alicia J Jenkins4Christel Hendrieckx5David O’Neal6Sybil A McAuley7Geoff R AmblerFergus J CameronJan M FairchildElizabeth A Davis8Timothy W Jones9Morton G Burt10Philip M ClarkeNeale D Cohen11Peter G Colman12Joey Kaye13Kavita KumareswaranMelissa H Lee14Roland W Mccallum15Barbora Paldus16Stephen N Stranks17Steven Trawley18Glenn M WardDavid N O’NealSienna Russell-Green19Deborah Jane Holmes-Walker20Benjamin Lam21Jennifer A Halliday22Glenn Ward23Catriona M SimsD Jane Holmes-WalkerAndrzej JanuszewskiHanafi Mohammed HusinMartin I de BockMary B AbrahamNHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaDepartment of Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Alfred, Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaInstitute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, AustraliaDepartment of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaThe Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes, Diabetes Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, AustraliaDepartment of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Alfred, Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Perth Children`s Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, AustraliaDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Perth Children`s Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, AustraliaSouthern Adelaide Diabetes and Endocrine Services, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, AustraliaSchool of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, AustraliaDepartment of Diabetes and Endocrinology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, AustraliaDepartment of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaDepartment of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Tasmania, AustraliaDepartment of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaSouthern Adelaide Diabetes and Endocrine Services, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, AustraliaThe Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes, Diabetes Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, AustraliaThe Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes, Diabetes Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, AustraliaSydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaThe Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes, Diabetes Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, AustraliaSchool of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, AustraliaDepartment of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaIntroduction This analysis aimed to investigate diabetes-specific psychological outcomes among adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using hybrid closed-loop (HCL) versus standard therapy.Research design and methods In this multicenter, open-label, randomized, controlled, parallel-group clinical trial, adults with T1D were allocated to 26 weeks of HCL (MiniMed™ 670G) or standard therapy (insulin pump or multiple daily injections without real-time continuous glucose monitoring). Psychological outcomes (awareness and fear of hypoglycemia; and diabetes-specific positive well-being, diabetes distress, diabetes treatment satisfaction, and diabetes-specific quality of life (QoL)) were measured at enrollment, mid-trial and end-trial. Linear mixed models were conducted, using restricted maximum likelihood estimation, unadjusted and adjusted (for covariates: age, sex, diabetes duration, glycated hemoglobin, recent severe hypoglycemia, pre-trial insulin delivery modality, enrollment and mid-study scores).Results 120 participants (mean age 44±12 years) were randomized to intervention (n=61) or standard therapy (n=59). At 13 weeks, the HCL group had better diabetes-specific positive well-being than the standard therapy group (unadjusted: Δ=1.0, p=0.025; adjusted: Δ=1.1, p=0.01), which was maintained at 26 weeks (unadjusted: Δ=0.9, p=0.042; adjusted: Δ=1.0, p=0.023). At 26 weeks, the HCL group also had less diabetes distress (adjusted: Δ=−6.4, p=0.039), fear of hypoglycemia (“maintain high”: adjusted: Δ=−0.8, p=0.034; and “worry”: adjusted: Δ=−1.8, p=0.048), and perceived “unacceptably high glucose levels” (unadjusted: Δ=−1.1, p<0.001; adjusted: Δ=−1.1, p<0.001). HCL did not improve diabetes treatment satisfaction, diabetes-specific QoL, hypoglycemia awareness, or perceived frequency of unacceptably low glucose levels.Conclusions These findings imply that HCL offers important psychological benefits. In particular, improvement in diabetes-specific positive well-being was observed 13 weeks after HCL initiation and maintained at 26 weeks. Reduction in the perceived frequency of hyperglycemia was also apparent by 26 weeks. Adjusted analyses showed significant reductions in diabetes distress and fear of hypoglycemia at 26 weeks, suggesting these benefits were apparent for people with particular characteristics.Trial registration number Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12617000520336.https://drc.bmj.com/content/12/6/e004428.full
spellingShingle Anthony C Keech
Vijaya Sundararajan
Bruce R King
Sara Vogrin
Richard J MacIsaac
Leon A Bach
Jane Speight
Alicia J Jenkins
Christel Hendrieckx
David O’Neal
Sybil A McAuley
Geoff R Ambler
Fergus J Cameron
Jan M Fairchild
Elizabeth A Davis
Timothy W Jones
Morton G Burt
Philip M Clarke
Neale D Cohen
Peter G Colman
Joey Kaye
Kavita Kumareswaran
Melissa H Lee
Roland W Mccallum
Barbora Paldus
Stephen N Stranks
Steven Trawley
Glenn M Ward
David N O’Neal
Sienna Russell-Green
Deborah Jane Holmes-Walker
Benjamin Lam
Jennifer A Halliday
Glenn Ward
Catriona M Sims
D Jane Holmes-Walker
Andrzej Januszewski
Hanafi Mohammed Husin
Martin I de Bock
Mary B Abraham
Six months of hybrid closed-loop therapy improves diabetes-specific positive well-being, and reduces diabetes distress and fear of hypoglycemia: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care
title Six months of hybrid closed-loop therapy improves diabetes-specific positive well-being, and reduces diabetes distress and fear of hypoglycemia: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
title_full Six months of hybrid closed-loop therapy improves diabetes-specific positive well-being, and reduces diabetes distress and fear of hypoglycemia: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
title_fullStr Six months of hybrid closed-loop therapy improves diabetes-specific positive well-being, and reduces diabetes distress and fear of hypoglycemia: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
title_full_unstemmed Six months of hybrid closed-loop therapy improves diabetes-specific positive well-being, and reduces diabetes distress and fear of hypoglycemia: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
title_short Six months of hybrid closed-loop therapy improves diabetes-specific positive well-being, and reduces diabetes distress and fear of hypoglycemia: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
title_sort six months of hybrid closed loop therapy improves diabetes specific positive well being and reduces diabetes distress and fear of hypoglycemia secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
url https://drc.bmj.com/content/12/6/e004428.full
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