Preservative Effects on Crude Bromelain Stability and Enzymatic Applications

Abstract Agricultural waste management is a critical environmental and economic issue. Thailand is one of the world's leading pineapple growers. Pineapples contain bromelain, a very important protease. This study used an ammonium sulfate precipitation method to partially purify bromelain from p...

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Main Authors: Jiyapa Sripirom, Watcharin Chumjan, Wanitcha Rachadech, Kantima Sripajan, Jirada Sena-art
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Instituto de Tecnologia do Paraná (Tecpar) 2025-08-01
Series:Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132025000100212&lng=en&tlng=en
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author Jiyapa Sripirom
Watcharin Chumjan
Wanitcha Rachadech
Kantima Sripajan
Jirada Sena-art
author_facet Jiyapa Sripirom
Watcharin Chumjan
Wanitcha Rachadech
Kantima Sripajan
Jirada Sena-art
author_sort Jiyapa Sripirom
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Agricultural waste management is a critical environmental and economic issue. Thailand is one of the world's leading pineapple growers. Pineapples contain bromelain, a very important protease. This study used an ammonium sulfate precipitation method to partially purify bromelain from pineapple peel waste, which represented the largest enzyme portion with the highest level of specificity. The study findings indicate that partially purified bromelain is more stable and has nearly twice the activity of crude bromelain. Based on SDS-PAGE analysis, bromelain has a molecular weight of approximately 24 kDa. The enzyme’s stability was assessed in the presence and absence of preservatives. The preservatives, chitosan and sodium benzoate, both reduced bromelain activity and affected the protein pattern as well as the brightness of clear zones analyzed using SDS-PAGE. Using chitosan instead of sodium benzoate results in a less decreased bromelain activity. Dehairing tests showed unwinding of hairs and gentle scraping without visible collagen destruction, suggesting proper skin peeling upon closer examination. The enzyme completely removes stains from cloth samples. These results indicate that the enzyme can aid hair and stain removal. Leather and washing applications may benefit from the use of crude bromelain. Since enzymes naturally degrade, it would be advisable to add appropriate preservatives.
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publisher Instituto de Tecnologia do Paraná (Tecpar)
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spelling doaj-art-97f0cdfb5ed44fe9b5eb34eec35eb36d2025-08-20T03:07:33ZengInstituto de Tecnologia do Paraná (Tecpar)Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology1678-43242025-08-016810.1590/1678-4324-2025230972Preservative Effects on Crude Bromelain Stability and Enzymatic ApplicationsJiyapa Sripiromhttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-5260-6069Watcharin Chumjanhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2136-173XWanitcha Rachadechhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9662-9345Kantima Sripajanhttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-5430-458XJirada Sena-arthttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-2798-1392Abstract Agricultural waste management is a critical environmental and economic issue. Thailand is one of the world's leading pineapple growers. Pineapples contain bromelain, a very important protease. This study used an ammonium sulfate precipitation method to partially purify bromelain from pineapple peel waste, which represented the largest enzyme portion with the highest level of specificity. The study findings indicate that partially purified bromelain is more stable and has nearly twice the activity of crude bromelain. Based on SDS-PAGE analysis, bromelain has a molecular weight of approximately 24 kDa. The enzyme’s stability was assessed in the presence and absence of preservatives. The preservatives, chitosan and sodium benzoate, both reduced bromelain activity and affected the protein pattern as well as the brightness of clear zones analyzed using SDS-PAGE. Using chitosan instead of sodium benzoate results in a less decreased bromelain activity. Dehairing tests showed unwinding of hairs and gentle scraping without visible collagen destruction, suggesting proper skin peeling upon closer examination. The enzyme completely removes stains from cloth samples. These results indicate that the enzyme can aid hair and stain removal. Leather and washing applications may benefit from the use of crude bromelain. Since enzymes naturally degrade, it would be advisable to add appropriate preservatives.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132025000100212&lng=en&tlng=enpineapple peelchitosansodium benzoatehair removaldetergent.
spellingShingle Jiyapa Sripirom
Watcharin Chumjan
Wanitcha Rachadech
Kantima Sripajan
Jirada Sena-art
Preservative Effects on Crude Bromelain Stability and Enzymatic Applications
Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology
pineapple peel
chitosan
sodium benzoate
hair removal
detergent.
title Preservative Effects on Crude Bromelain Stability and Enzymatic Applications
title_full Preservative Effects on Crude Bromelain Stability and Enzymatic Applications
title_fullStr Preservative Effects on Crude Bromelain Stability and Enzymatic Applications
title_full_unstemmed Preservative Effects on Crude Bromelain Stability and Enzymatic Applications
title_short Preservative Effects on Crude Bromelain Stability and Enzymatic Applications
title_sort preservative effects on crude bromelain stability and enzymatic applications
topic pineapple peel
chitosan
sodium benzoate
hair removal
detergent.
url http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132025000100212&lng=en&tlng=en
work_keys_str_mv AT jiyapasripirom preservativeeffectsoncrudebromelainstabilityandenzymaticapplications
AT watcharinchumjan preservativeeffectsoncrudebromelainstabilityandenzymaticapplications
AT wanitcharachadech preservativeeffectsoncrudebromelainstabilityandenzymaticapplications
AT kantimasripajan preservativeeffectsoncrudebromelainstabilityandenzymaticapplications
AT jiradasenaart preservativeeffectsoncrudebromelainstabilityandenzymaticapplications