The Role of Pharmacometrics in Advancing the Therapies for Autoimmune Diseases
Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are a group of disorders in which the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues, leading to chronic inflammation and organ damage. These diseases are difficult to treat due to variability in drug PK among individuals, patient responses to treatment, and the side effects...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| author | Artur Świerczek Dominika Batko Elżbieta Wyska |
| author_facet | Artur Świerczek Dominika Batko Elżbieta Wyska |
| author_sort | Artur Świerczek |
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| description | Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are a group of disorders in which the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues, leading to chronic inflammation and organ damage. These diseases are difficult to treat due to variability in drug PK among individuals, patient responses to treatment, and the side effects of long-term immunosuppressive therapies. In recent years, pharmacometrics has emerged as a critical tool in drug discovery and development (DDD) and precision medicine. The aim of this review is to explore the diverse roles that pharmacometrics has played in addressing the challenges associated with DDD and personalized therapies in the treatment of AIDs. <b>Methods</b>: This review synthesizes research from the past two decades on pharmacometric methodologies, including Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling, Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling, disease progression (DisP) modeling, population modeling, model-based meta-analysis (MBMA), and Quantitative Systems Pharmacology (QSP). The incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) into pharmacometrics is also discussed. <b>Results</b>: Pharmacometrics has demonstrated significant potential in optimizing dosing regimens, improving drug safety, and predicting patient-specific responses in AIDs. PBPK and PK/PD models have been instrumental in personalizing treatments, while DisP and QSP models provide insights into disease evolution and pathophysiological mechanisms in AIDs. AI/ML implementation has further enhanced the precision of these models. <b>Conclusions</b>: Pharmacometrics plays a crucial role in bridging pre-clinical findings and clinical applications, driving more personalized and effective treatments for AIDs. Its integration into DDD and translational science, in combination with AI and ML algorithms, holds promise for advancing therapeutic strategies and improving autoimmune patients’ outcomes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-97ee800ee34c46878e8e266b87dc039d |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj-art-97ee800ee34c46878e8e266b87dc039d2025-08-20T02:01:16ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232024-12-011612155910.3390/pharmaceutics16121559The Role of Pharmacometrics in Advancing the Therapies for Autoimmune DiseasesArtur Świerczek0Dominika Batko1Elżbieta Wyska2Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Krakow, PolandAutoimmune diseases (AIDs) are a group of disorders in which the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues, leading to chronic inflammation and organ damage. These diseases are difficult to treat due to variability in drug PK among individuals, patient responses to treatment, and the side effects of long-term immunosuppressive therapies. In recent years, pharmacometrics has emerged as a critical tool in drug discovery and development (DDD) and precision medicine. The aim of this review is to explore the diverse roles that pharmacometrics has played in addressing the challenges associated with DDD and personalized therapies in the treatment of AIDs. <b>Methods</b>: This review synthesizes research from the past two decades on pharmacometric methodologies, including Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling, Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling, disease progression (DisP) modeling, population modeling, model-based meta-analysis (MBMA), and Quantitative Systems Pharmacology (QSP). The incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) into pharmacometrics is also discussed. <b>Results</b>: Pharmacometrics has demonstrated significant potential in optimizing dosing regimens, improving drug safety, and predicting patient-specific responses in AIDs. PBPK and PK/PD models have been instrumental in personalizing treatments, while DisP and QSP models provide insights into disease evolution and pathophysiological mechanisms in AIDs. AI/ML implementation has further enhanced the precision of these models. <b>Conclusions</b>: Pharmacometrics plays a crucial role in bridging pre-clinical findings and clinical applications, driving more personalized and effective treatments for AIDs. Its integration into DDD and translational science, in combination with AI and ML algorithms, holds promise for advancing therapeutic strategies and improving autoimmune patients’ outcomes.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/16/12/1559pharmacometricsautoimmune diseasespersonalized medicinePBPK modelingPK/PD modelingdisease progression modeling |
| spellingShingle | Artur Świerczek Dominika Batko Elżbieta Wyska The Role of Pharmacometrics in Advancing the Therapies for Autoimmune Diseases Pharmaceutics pharmacometrics autoimmune diseases personalized medicine PBPK modeling PK/PD modeling disease progression modeling |
| title | The Role of Pharmacometrics in Advancing the Therapies for Autoimmune Diseases |
| title_full | The Role of Pharmacometrics in Advancing the Therapies for Autoimmune Diseases |
| title_fullStr | The Role of Pharmacometrics in Advancing the Therapies for Autoimmune Diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Pharmacometrics in Advancing the Therapies for Autoimmune Diseases |
| title_short | The Role of Pharmacometrics in Advancing the Therapies for Autoimmune Diseases |
| title_sort | role of pharmacometrics in advancing the therapies for autoimmune diseases |
| topic | pharmacometrics autoimmune diseases personalized medicine PBPK modeling PK/PD modeling disease progression modeling |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/16/12/1559 |
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