Sustainable Utilization of Agave-Derived Sitosterol: A Review of Isolation Methods and Pharmacological Activities
Agave species are increasingly recognized as promising sources of bioactive phytochemicals with therapeutic potential. Among these, β-sitosterol (BSS) and its glucoside (BSSG) have gained attention for their wound-healing, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. In vitro, th...
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North Carolina State University
2025-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://ojs.bioresources.com/index.php/BRJ/article/view/23908 |
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| author | Herminia López-Salazar Martha Lucía Arenas-Ocampo Brenda Hildeliza Camacho-Díaz Francisco Rodríguez-González Sandra Victoria Ávila-Reyes |
| author_facet | Herminia López-Salazar Martha Lucía Arenas-Ocampo Brenda Hildeliza Camacho-Díaz Francisco Rodríguez-González Sandra Victoria Ávila-Reyes |
| author_sort | Herminia López-Salazar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Agave species are increasingly recognized as promising sources of bioactive phytochemicals with therapeutic potential. Among these, β-sitosterol (BSS) and its glucoside (BSSG) have gained attention for their wound-healing, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. In vitro, these compounds enhance fibroblast viability and regulate cytokine production. In vivo, extracts from Agave angustifolia bagasse (BagEE), obtained through microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), significantly accelerate wound closure and re-epithelialization. MAE, particularly when combined with alkaline catalysts, yields higher concentrations of BSS and BSSG compared to conventional methods. However, despite its environmental and efficiency advantages, supercritical fluid extraction remains underutilized for isolating phytosterols from Agave. This review highlights interspecies variation in bioactive profiles, the critical impact of extraction methodology on compound yield and activity, and the potential for valorizing agro-industrial residues. These findings emphasize the value of Agave-derived sterols in the development of sustainable, plant-based therapeutics. Further research is needed to standardize extraction protocols, achieve comprehensive characterization of active metabolites, and evaluate their clinical efficacy—advancing innovation in bioproduct development aligned with circular economy principles. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-97ebe5801a84430d8669ef2f9de34f22 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1930-2126 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | North Carolina State University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BioResources |
| spelling | doaj-art-97ebe5801a84430d8669ef2f9de34f222025-08-20T03:02:26ZengNorth Carolina State UniversityBioResources1930-21262025-07-01203814981743413Sustainable Utilization of Agave-Derived Sitosterol: A Review of Isolation Methods and Pharmacological ActivitiesHerminia López-Salazar0Martha Lucía Arenas-Ocampo1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4400-5482Brenda Hildeliza Camacho-Díaz2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5562-0782Francisco Rodríguez-González3Sandra Victoria Ávila-Reyes4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0225-9959Department of Biotechnology, Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, P.O. Box 24, Yautepec 62730, Morelos, MéxicoDepartment of Biotechnology, Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, P.O. Box 24, Yautepec 62730, Morelos, MéxicoDepartment of Biotechnology, Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, P.O. Box 24, Yautepec 62730, Morelos, MéxicoDepartment of Biotechnology, Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, P.O. Box 24, Yautepec 62730, Morelos, MéxicoDepartment of Biotechnology, Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, P.O. Box 24, Yautepec 62730, Morelos, MéxicoAgave species are increasingly recognized as promising sources of bioactive phytochemicals with therapeutic potential. Among these, β-sitosterol (BSS) and its glucoside (BSSG) have gained attention for their wound-healing, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. In vitro, these compounds enhance fibroblast viability and regulate cytokine production. In vivo, extracts from Agave angustifolia bagasse (BagEE), obtained through microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), significantly accelerate wound closure and re-epithelialization. MAE, particularly when combined with alkaline catalysts, yields higher concentrations of BSS and BSSG compared to conventional methods. However, despite its environmental and efficiency advantages, supercritical fluid extraction remains underutilized for isolating phytosterols from Agave. This review highlights interspecies variation in bioactive profiles, the critical impact of extraction methodology on compound yield and activity, and the potential for valorizing agro-industrial residues. These findings emphasize the value of Agave-derived sterols in the development of sustainable, plant-based therapeutics. Further research is needed to standardize extraction protocols, achieve comprehensive characterization of active metabolites, and evaluate their clinical efficacy—advancing innovation in bioproduct development aligned with circular economy principles.https://ojs.bioresources.com/index.php/BRJ/article/view/23908circular economyagave bagasseagave leaveswastecam |
| spellingShingle | Herminia López-Salazar Martha Lucía Arenas-Ocampo Brenda Hildeliza Camacho-Díaz Francisco Rodríguez-González Sandra Victoria Ávila-Reyes Sustainable Utilization of Agave-Derived Sitosterol: A Review of Isolation Methods and Pharmacological Activities BioResources circular economy agave bagasse agave leaves waste cam |
| title | Sustainable Utilization of Agave-Derived Sitosterol: A Review of Isolation Methods and Pharmacological Activities |
| title_full | Sustainable Utilization of Agave-Derived Sitosterol: A Review of Isolation Methods and Pharmacological Activities |
| title_fullStr | Sustainable Utilization of Agave-Derived Sitosterol: A Review of Isolation Methods and Pharmacological Activities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sustainable Utilization of Agave-Derived Sitosterol: A Review of Isolation Methods and Pharmacological Activities |
| title_short | Sustainable Utilization of Agave-Derived Sitosterol: A Review of Isolation Methods and Pharmacological Activities |
| title_sort | sustainable utilization of agave derived sitosterol a review of isolation methods and pharmacological activities |
| topic | circular economy agave bagasse agave leaves waste cam |
| url | https://ojs.bioresources.com/index.php/BRJ/article/view/23908 |
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