Comparative analysis of endometrial gland imaging and pinopode detection for assessing endometrial receptivity

Abstract Background This study aimed to obtain high-resolution endometrial gland images under high-definition hysteroscopy from in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) patients and perform image recognition to analyze their density and opening size. Concurrently, the number and morpholog...

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Main Authors: Min-bo Zhu, Bei-lei Chen, Meng Cen, Li-ping Chen, Zheng Shi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-025-01395-y
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author Min-bo Zhu
Bei-lei Chen
Meng Cen
Li-ping Chen
Zheng Shi
author_facet Min-bo Zhu
Bei-lei Chen
Meng Cen
Li-ping Chen
Zheng Shi
author_sort Min-bo Zhu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background This study aimed to obtain high-resolution endometrial gland images under high-definition hysteroscopy from in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) patients and perform image recognition to analyze their density and opening size. Concurrently, the number and morphology of pinopodes in the endometrial samples were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The objective was to compare the correlation between the two methods in evaluating endometrial receptivity and predicting pregnancy outcomes and to assess the consistency between the quantitative curves and pregnancy outcomes of the two methods in the cohort study. Methods 67 patients undergoing hysteroscopic surgery who had undergone controlled ovarian hyperstimulation treatment within 1–3 menstrual cycles before the surgery were selected. Hysteroscopic exploration was performed on the 3–5 days after ovulation (during the implantation window period). Endometrial images and tissues were collected under hysteroscopy. The endometrial glands were counted, the sizes of gland openings were calculated using an image recognition algorithm, and the number and morphology of endometrial pinopodes were observed through SEM. All patients underwent embryo transfer surgery within 1–3 menstrual cycles after hysteroscopy. Patients were divided into pregnancy and non-pregnancy groups based on pregnancy outcomes. The density and size of endometrial glands, as well as the number and morphology of pinopodes were compared between the two groups. Results The endometrial gland density and the size of the endometrial gland opening in the pregnancy group were higher than that in the non-pregnancy group (P < 0.05). In contrast, both the average pinopode count per image and the developmental maturity grading of pinopodes were significantly higher in the pregnancy group compared to the non-pregnancy group. Conclusions Both hysteroscopic endometrial gland image recognition technology and pinopode detection can effectively reflect endometrial receptivity and predict pregnancy outcomes. However, image recognition technology has clear economic and promotional advantages. Clinical trial number Not applicable.
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spelling doaj-art-97dc08f33cb047e08d9a6146693bd4e22025-08-20T02:10:54ZengBMCReproductive Biology and Endocrinology1477-78272025-04-012311710.1186/s12958-025-01395-yComparative analysis of endometrial gland imaging and pinopode detection for assessing endometrial receptivityMin-bo Zhu0Bei-lei Chen1Meng Cen2Li-ping Chen3Zheng Shi4Ningbo Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Gynecology, Department of Gynecology, Women and Children’s Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingbo Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Gynecology, Department of Gynecology, Women and Children’s Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingbo Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Gynecology, Department of Gynecology, Women and Children’s Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingbo Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Gynecology, Department of Gynecology, Women and Children’s Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingbo Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Gynecology, Department of Gynecology, Women and Children’s Hospital of Ningbo UniversityAbstract Background This study aimed to obtain high-resolution endometrial gland images under high-definition hysteroscopy from in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) patients and perform image recognition to analyze their density and opening size. Concurrently, the number and morphology of pinopodes in the endometrial samples were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The objective was to compare the correlation between the two methods in evaluating endometrial receptivity and predicting pregnancy outcomes and to assess the consistency between the quantitative curves and pregnancy outcomes of the two methods in the cohort study. Methods 67 patients undergoing hysteroscopic surgery who had undergone controlled ovarian hyperstimulation treatment within 1–3 menstrual cycles before the surgery were selected. Hysteroscopic exploration was performed on the 3–5 days after ovulation (during the implantation window period). Endometrial images and tissues were collected under hysteroscopy. The endometrial glands were counted, the sizes of gland openings were calculated using an image recognition algorithm, and the number and morphology of endometrial pinopodes were observed through SEM. All patients underwent embryo transfer surgery within 1–3 menstrual cycles after hysteroscopy. Patients were divided into pregnancy and non-pregnancy groups based on pregnancy outcomes. The density and size of endometrial glands, as well as the number and morphology of pinopodes were compared between the two groups. Results The endometrial gland density and the size of the endometrial gland opening in the pregnancy group were higher than that in the non-pregnancy group (P < 0.05). In contrast, both the average pinopode count per image and the developmental maturity grading of pinopodes were significantly higher in the pregnancy group compared to the non-pregnancy group. Conclusions Both hysteroscopic endometrial gland image recognition technology and pinopode detection can effectively reflect endometrial receptivity and predict pregnancy outcomes. However, image recognition technology has clear economic and promotional advantages. Clinical trial number Not applicable.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-025-01395-yEndometrial glandImage recognitionPinopodesIn vitro fertilization and embryo transferEndometrial receptivity
spellingShingle Min-bo Zhu
Bei-lei Chen
Meng Cen
Li-ping Chen
Zheng Shi
Comparative analysis of endometrial gland imaging and pinopode detection for assessing endometrial receptivity
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology
Endometrial gland
Image recognition
Pinopodes
In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer
Endometrial receptivity
title Comparative analysis of endometrial gland imaging and pinopode detection for assessing endometrial receptivity
title_full Comparative analysis of endometrial gland imaging and pinopode detection for assessing endometrial receptivity
title_fullStr Comparative analysis of endometrial gland imaging and pinopode detection for assessing endometrial receptivity
title_full_unstemmed Comparative analysis of endometrial gland imaging and pinopode detection for assessing endometrial receptivity
title_short Comparative analysis of endometrial gland imaging and pinopode detection for assessing endometrial receptivity
title_sort comparative analysis of endometrial gland imaging and pinopode detection for assessing endometrial receptivity
topic Endometrial gland
Image recognition
Pinopodes
In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer
Endometrial receptivity
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-025-01395-y
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AT mengcen comparativeanalysisofendometrialglandimagingandpinopodedetectionforassessingendometrialreceptivity
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