Enzymes enabling the biosynthesis of various C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids in a sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus
Sea urchins, integral to marine ecosystems and valued as a delicacy in Asia and Europe, contain physiologically important long-chain (>C20) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in their gonads, including arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and unusual non-methylene...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
The Royal Society
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Open Biology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsob.240170 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832592016290086912 |
|---|---|
| author | Yingying Peng Yutaka Haga Naoki Kabeya |
| author_facet | Yingying Peng Yutaka Haga Naoki Kabeya |
| author_sort | Yingying Peng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sea urchins, integral to marine ecosystems and valued as a delicacy in Asia and Europe, contain physiologically important long-chain (>C20) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in their gonads, including arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and unusual non-methylene-interrupted fatty acids (NMI-FA) such as 20:2Δ5,11. Although these fatty acids may partially be derived from their diet, such as macroalgae, the present study on Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus has uncovered multiple genes encoding enzymes involved in long-chain PUFA biosynthesis. Specifically, 3 fatty acid desaturases (FadsA, FadsC1 and FadsC2) and 13 elongation of very-long-chain fatty acids proteins (Elovl-like, Elovl1/7-like, Elovl2/5-like, Elovl4-like, Elovl8-like and Elovl6-like A–H) were identified in their genome and transcriptomes. Functional analysis showed that FadsA and FadsC2 function as a Δ5 desaturase and a Δ8 desaturase, respectively, enabling the conversion of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 into ARA and EPA, respectively, along with Elovl, particularly Elovl6-like C. Elovl6-like C demonstrates elongase activity towards both C18 PUFA and monounsaturated fatty acids. Consequently, FadsA and Elovl6-like C enable the synthesis of several NMI-FA, including 20:2Δ5,11 and 20:3Δ5,11,14, from C18 precursors. This indicates that H. pulcherrimus can endogenously synthesize a wide variety of C20 PUFA and NMI-FA, highlighting active biosynthesis pathways within sea urchins. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-97c3085216794258b4531d0e4dd9fe86 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2046-2441 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | The Royal Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Open Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-97c3085216794258b4531d0e4dd9fe862025-01-22T00:07:47ZengThe Royal SocietyOpen Biology2046-24412025-01-0115110.1098/rsob.240170Enzymes enabling the biosynthesis of various C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids in a sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimusYingying Peng0Yutaka Haga1Naoki Kabeya2Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku , Tokyo 108-8477, JapanDepartment of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku , Tokyo 108-8477, JapanDepartment of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku , Tokyo 108-8477, JapanSea urchins, integral to marine ecosystems and valued as a delicacy in Asia and Europe, contain physiologically important long-chain (>C20) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in their gonads, including arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and unusual non-methylene-interrupted fatty acids (NMI-FA) such as 20:2Δ5,11. Although these fatty acids may partially be derived from their diet, such as macroalgae, the present study on Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus has uncovered multiple genes encoding enzymes involved in long-chain PUFA biosynthesis. Specifically, 3 fatty acid desaturases (FadsA, FadsC1 and FadsC2) and 13 elongation of very-long-chain fatty acids proteins (Elovl-like, Elovl1/7-like, Elovl2/5-like, Elovl4-like, Elovl8-like and Elovl6-like A–H) were identified in their genome and transcriptomes. Functional analysis showed that FadsA and FadsC2 function as a Δ5 desaturase and a Δ8 desaturase, respectively, enabling the conversion of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 into ARA and EPA, respectively, along with Elovl, particularly Elovl6-like C. Elovl6-like C demonstrates elongase activity towards both C18 PUFA and monounsaturated fatty acids. Consequently, FadsA and Elovl6-like C enable the synthesis of several NMI-FA, including 20:2Δ5,11 and 20:3Δ5,11,14, from C18 precursors. This indicates that H. pulcherrimus can endogenously synthesize a wide variety of C20 PUFA and NMI-FA, highlighting active biosynthesis pathways within sea urchins.https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsob.240170desaturaseelongasenon-methylene-interrupted fatty acidspolyunsaturated fatty acids |
| spellingShingle | Yingying Peng Yutaka Haga Naoki Kabeya Enzymes enabling the biosynthesis of various C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids in a sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus Open Biology desaturase elongase non-methylene-interrupted fatty acids polyunsaturated fatty acids |
| title | Enzymes enabling the biosynthesis of various C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids in a sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus |
| title_full | Enzymes enabling the biosynthesis of various C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids in a sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus |
| title_fullStr | Enzymes enabling the biosynthesis of various C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids in a sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enzymes enabling the biosynthesis of various C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids in a sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus |
| title_short | Enzymes enabling the biosynthesis of various C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids in a sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus |
| title_sort | enzymes enabling the biosynthesis of various c20 polyunsaturated fatty acids in a sea urchin hemicentrotus pulcherrimus |
| topic | desaturase elongase non-methylene-interrupted fatty acids polyunsaturated fatty acids |
| url | https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsob.240170 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yingyingpeng enzymesenablingthebiosynthesisofvariousc20polyunsaturatedfattyacidsinaseaurchinhemicentrotuspulcherrimus AT yutakahaga enzymesenablingthebiosynthesisofvariousc20polyunsaturatedfattyacidsinaseaurchinhemicentrotuspulcherrimus AT naokikabeya enzymesenablingthebiosynthesisofvariousc20polyunsaturatedfattyacidsinaseaurchinhemicentrotuspulcherrimus |