Traumatic axonal injury successfully treated with secretome followed by mesenchymal stem cells therapy

Introduction: Traumatic axonal injury (TAI), a head injury condition formerly known as diffuse axonal injury, results from direct mechanical forces causing multiple scattered lesions, either haemorrhagic or non-haemorrhagic, within brain tissue. Despite its clinical significance, no prior research h...

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Main Authors: Ahmad Faried, Yeremia Tatang, Gibran A. Wibawa, Wahyu Widowati, Anindita P. Distya
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SMC MEDIA SRL 2025-03-01
Series:European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.ejcrim.com/index.php/EJCRIM/article/view/5111
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author Ahmad Faried
Yeremia Tatang
Gibran A. Wibawa
Wahyu Widowati
Anindita P. Distya
author_facet Ahmad Faried
Yeremia Tatang
Gibran A. Wibawa
Wahyu Widowati
Anindita P. Distya
author_sort Ahmad Faried
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Traumatic axonal injury (TAI), a head injury condition formerly known as diffuse axonal injury, results from direct mechanical forces causing multiple scattered lesions, either haemorrhagic or non-haemorrhagic, within brain tissue. Despite its clinical significance, no prior research has explored the use of stem cells in a TAI inpatient setting. This case presents the efficacy of stem cell therapy for TAI. Case description: A 17-year-old boy sustained severe head injuries from repeated blows, resulting in a coma. Initial CT and MRI scans showed cerebral oedema without haemorrhagic lesions. T2-weighted axial FLAIR imaging showed two hyperintensity lesions in the corpus callosum, consistent with diffuse axonal injury grade II. Secretome and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (UCMSC) therapy were administered. The patient showed improvement in motor function and speaking and was discharged without neurological deficits. Discussion: The pathophysiology of TAI remains unclear because of a lack of unifying theory. It is theorised that not only is direct mechanical injury the cause of primary damage but biochemical changes in neuronal metabolism also play a role as secondary damage. Two main therapeutic options can be recognised. Treatment approaches fall into two categories: secondary axotomy-targeted therapy and promotion of neural regeneration. Multiple treatment options promote both microenvironment correction and neuronal regeneration, including cell and stem cell therapy along with its metabolite. Conclusion: Stem cell therapy is promising as an alternative treatment modality in a case where there was no other optional therapy for TAI.
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spelling doaj-art-97ba4a2cf14e453c8b4393c0c8ae58272025-08-20T03:04:26ZengSMC MEDIA SRLEuropean Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine2284-25942025-03-0110.12890/2025_0051114646Traumatic axonal injury successfully treated with secretome followed by mesenchymal stem cells therapyAhmad Faried0Yeremia Tatang1Gibran A. Wibawa2Wahyu Widowati3Anindita P. Distya4Department of Neurosurgery, Mayapada Hospital Bandung, West Java, Indonesia; Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University Hospital, Jatinangor, West Java, IndonesiaDepartment of Neurology, Mayapada Hospital Kuningan, Jakarta, IndonesiaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Mayapada Hospital Kuningan, Jakarta, IndonesiaMedical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, West Java, IndonesiaBiomolecular and Biomedical Research Center, Aretha Medika Utama, Bandung, West Java, IndonesiaIntroduction: Traumatic axonal injury (TAI), a head injury condition formerly known as diffuse axonal injury, results from direct mechanical forces causing multiple scattered lesions, either haemorrhagic or non-haemorrhagic, within brain tissue. Despite its clinical significance, no prior research has explored the use of stem cells in a TAI inpatient setting. This case presents the efficacy of stem cell therapy for TAI. Case description: A 17-year-old boy sustained severe head injuries from repeated blows, resulting in a coma. Initial CT and MRI scans showed cerebral oedema without haemorrhagic lesions. T2-weighted axial FLAIR imaging showed two hyperintensity lesions in the corpus callosum, consistent with diffuse axonal injury grade II. Secretome and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (UCMSC) therapy were administered. The patient showed improvement in motor function and speaking and was discharged without neurological deficits. Discussion: The pathophysiology of TAI remains unclear because of a lack of unifying theory. It is theorised that not only is direct mechanical injury the cause of primary damage but biochemical changes in neuronal metabolism also play a role as secondary damage. Two main therapeutic options can be recognised. Treatment approaches fall into two categories: secondary axotomy-targeted therapy and promotion of neural regeneration. Multiple treatment options promote both microenvironment correction and neuronal regeneration, including cell and stem cell therapy along with its metabolite. Conclusion: Stem cell therapy is promising as an alternative treatment modality in a case where there was no other optional therapy for TAI.https://www.ejcrim.com/index.php/EJCRIM/article/view/5111diffuse axonal injurystem cell therapyumbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells
spellingShingle Ahmad Faried
Yeremia Tatang
Gibran A. Wibawa
Wahyu Widowati
Anindita P. Distya
Traumatic axonal injury successfully treated with secretome followed by mesenchymal stem cells therapy
European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine
diffuse axonal injury
stem cell therapy
umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells
title Traumatic axonal injury successfully treated with secretome followed by mesenchymal stem cells therapy
title_full Traumatic axonal injury successfully treated with secretome followed by mesenchymal stem cells therapy
title_fullStr Traumatic axonal injury successfully treated with secretome followed by mesenchymal stem cells therapy
title_full_unstemmed Traumatic axonal injury successfully treated with secretome followed by mesenchymal stem cells therapy
title_short Traumatic axonal injury successfully treated with secretome followed by mesenchymal stem cells therapy
title_sort traumatic axonal injury successfully treated with secretome followed by mesenchymal stem cells therapy
topic diffuse axonal injury
stem cell therapy
umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells
url https://www.ejcrim.com/index.php/EJCRIM/article/view/5111
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AT gibranawibawa traumaticaxonalinjurysuccessfullytreatedwithsecretomefollowedbymesenchymalstemcellstherapy
AT wahyuwidowati traumaticaxonalinjurysuccessfullytreatedwithsecretomefollowedbymesenchymalstemcellstherapy
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