Exploring the optimal factor structure of mind-wandering: Associations with neuroticism.

Mind-wandering is an essential cognitive process in which people engage for 30-50% of their waking day and is highly associated with neuroticism. The current study identified the factor structure of retrospective self-report items related to mind-wandering and perseverative cognition content and exp...

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Main Authors: Joseph Diehl, Nicolas Camacho, Moria Smoski
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2024-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0311733
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author Joseph Diehl
Nicolas Camacho
Moria Smoski
author_facet Joseph Diehl
Nicolas Camacho
Moria Smoski
author_sort Joseph Diehl
collection DOAJ
description Mind-wandering is an essential cognitive process in which people engage for 30-50% of their waking day and is highly associated with neuroticism. The current study identified the factor structure of retrospective self-report items related to mind-wandering and perseverative cognition content and explored these associations with neuroticism. In an adult community sample (N = 309), items from the NYC Cognition Questionnaire, the Penn State Worry Questionnaire Short Form, and the Rumination Responses Brooding Subscale were entered into factor analyses to test the optimal factor structure of these items. We employed a structural model to investigate associations of mind-wandering facets with neuroticism. A correlated three factor solution best fit the data (CFI = .94, TLI = .93, SRMR = .07, RMSEA = .07). Bifactor models failed to provide evidence for a general mind-wandering construct above and beyond variance explained by mind-wandering and perseverative cognition facets. The structural model revealed differential associations of each facet with neuroticism. A wandering mind is not always an unhappy mind. Whereas worry and rumination are associated with higher levels of neuroticism, mind-wandering has other components that relate to positively valenced cognition and lower neuroticism. Adaptive and maladaptive mind-wandering should be tested together in future studies of personality and psychopathology.
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spelling doaj-art-97b7d88ca4274b3992c005657c65c91d2025-08-20T02:37:51ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032024-01-011912e031173310.1371/journal.pone.0311733Exploring the optimal factor structure of mind-wandering: Associations with neuroticism.Joseph DiehlNicolas CamachoMoria SmoskiMind-wandering is an essential cognitive process in which people engage for 30-50% of their waking day and is highly associated with neuroticism. The current study identified the factor structure of retrospective self-report items related to mind-wandering and perseverative cognition content and explored these associations with neuroticism. In an adult community sample (N = 309), items from the NYC Cognition Questionnaire, the Penn State Worry Questionnaire Short Form, and the Rumination Responses Brooding Subscale were entered into factor analyses to test the optimal factor structure of these items. We employed a structural model to investigate associations of mind-wandering facets with neuroticism. A correlated three factor solution best fit the data (CFI = .94, TLI = .93, SRMR = .07, RMSEA = .07). Bifactor models failed to provide evidence for a general mind-wandering construct above and beyond variance explained by mind-wandering and perseverative cognition facets. The structural model revealed differential associations of each facet with neuroticism. A wandering mind is not always an unhappy mind. Whereas worry and rumination are associated with higher levels of neuroticism, mind-wandering has other components that relate to positively valenced cognition and lower neuroticism. Adaptive and maladaptive mind-wandering should be tested together in future studies of personality and psychopathology.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0311733
spellingShingle Joseph Diehl
Nicolas Camacho
Moria Smoski
Exploring the optimal factor structure of mind-wandering: Associations with neuroticism.
PLoS ONE
title Exploring the optimal factor structure of mind-wandering: Associations with neuroticism.
title_full Exploring the optimal factor structure of mind-wandering: Associations with neuroticism.
title_fullStr Exploring the optimal factor structure of mind-wandering: Associations with neuroticism.
title_full_unstemmed Exploring the optimal factor structure of mind-wandering: Associations with neuroticism.
title_short Exploring the optimal factor structure of mind-wandering: Associations with neuroticism.
title_sort exploring the optimal factor structure of mind wandering associations with neuroticism
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0311733
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