Rapid Spectral Evolution of SGR 1935+2154 during Its 2022 Outburst
During the 2022 outburst of SGR 1935+2154, a fast radio burst (FRB)-like event (FRB 20221014A) and X-ray activities occurred between two spin-up glitches, suggesting these glitches may connect to multiwavelength phenomenology. However, the mechanisms altering the magnetar’s magnetosphere to enable r...
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IOP Publishing
2025-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adea4e |
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| author | Chin-Ping Hu Zorawar Wadiasingh Wynn C. G. Ho Matthew G. Baring George A. Younes Teruaki Enoto Sebastien Guillot Tolga Güver Marlon L. Bause Rachael Stewart Alex Van Kooten Chryssa Kouveliotou |
| author_facet | Chin-Ping Hu Zorawar Wadiasingh Wynn C. G. Ho Matthew G. Baring George A. Younes Teruaki Enoto Sebastien Guillot Tolga Güver Marlon L. Bause Rachael Stewart Alex Van Kooten Chryssa Kouveliotou |
| author_sort | Chin-Ping Hu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | During the 2022 outburst of SGR 1935+2154, a fast radio burst (FRB)-like event (FRB 20221014A) and X-ray activities occurred between two spin-up glitches, suggesting these glitches may connect to multiwavelength phenomenology. However, the mechanisms altering the magnetar’s magnetosphere to enable radio emission remain unclear. This study presents high-cadence Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer and Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array observations revealing spectral changes in burst and persistent emission. Hardness ratio and spectral analysis reveal significant changes during an “intermediate flare” 2.5 hr before FRB 20221014A. This 40 s flare, releasing >(6.3 ± 0.2) × 10 ^40 erg, coincides with a rapid spectral softening in both burst and persistent emission, and a notable decrease in the burst occurrence rate. The intermediate flare is bright enough to be detected if placed at a few megaparsecs, and would appear as a fast X-ray transient. This implies that the connection between magnetar X-ray activity and FRBs can be observed in the local Universe. Postflare burst spectra peak near 5 keV, resembling the characteristics of the FRB-associated X-ray burst of 2020. Such change persisted for a few hours, implying magnetospheric evolution on similar timescales. However, no radio emission was detected from postflare bursts, suggesting that FRB emission requires conditions beyond peculiar short bursts. The burst waiting times exhibit a broken power-law distribution, likely resulting from contamination by enhanced persistent emission. Although the bursts appear randomly distributed in the spin phase, the hardness ratio profile as a function of spin phase follows that of the persistent emission, indicating that X-ray bursts originate at low altitudes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-97a390e45c0649be920d441fb88b9f71 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-97a390e45c0649be920d441fb88b9f712025-08-20T03:45:07ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-0198916310.3847/1538-4357/adea4eRapid Spectral Evolution of SGR 1935+2154 during Its 2022 OutburstChin-Ping Hu0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8551-2002Zorawar Wadiasingh1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9249-0515Wynn C. G. Ho2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6089-6836Matthew G. Baring3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4433-1365George A. Younes4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7991-028XTeruaki Enoto5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1244-3100Sebastien Guillot6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6449-106XTolga Güver7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3531-9842Marlon L. Bause8https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3567-981XRachael Stewart9https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0254-5915Alex Van Kooten10https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3905-4853Chryssa Kouveliotou11https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1443-593XDepartment of Physics, National Changhua University of Education , Changhua 50007, Taiwan ; cphu0821@gm.ncue.edu.twDepartment of Astronomy, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA; Astrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Haverford College , 370 Lancaster Avenue, Haverford, PA 19041, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy—MS 108, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77251-1892, USAAstrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland , Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USADepartment of Physics, Kyoto University , Kitashirakawa Oiwake, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP) , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, JapanInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie , UPS-OMP, CNRS, CNES, 9 Avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 44346, Toulouse Cedex 4, 31028, FranceIstanbul University , Science Faculty, Department of Astronomy and Space Sciences, Beyazıt, 34119 Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul University Observatory Research and Application Center, Istanbul University , 34119 Istanbul, TurkeyMax Planck Institut für Radioastronomie , Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, GermanyDepartment of Physics, The George Washington University , Washington, DC 20052, USADepartment of Physics, The George Washington University , Washington, DC 20052, USADepartment of Physics, The George Washington University , Washington, DC 20052, USADuring the 2022 outburst of SGR 1935+2154, a fast radio burst (FRB)-like event (FRB 20221014A) and X-ray activities occurred between two spin-up glitches, suggesting these glitches may connect to multiwavelength phenomenology. However, the mechanisms altering the magnetar’s magnetosphere to enable radio emission remain unclear. This study presents high-cadence Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer and Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array observations revealing spectral changes in burst and persistent emission. Hardness ratio and spectral analysis reveal significant changes during an “intermediate flare” 2.5 hr before FRB 20221014A. This 40 s flare, releasing >(6.3 ± 0.2) × 10 ^40 erg, coincides with a rapid spectral softening in both burst and persistent emission, and a notable decrease in the burst occurrence rate. The intermediate flare is bright enough to be detected if placed at a few megaparsecs, and would appear as a fast X-ray transient. This implies that the connection between magnetar X-ray activity and FRBs can be observed in the local Universe. Postflare burst spectra peak near 5 keV, resembling the characteristics of the FRB-associated X-ray burst of 2020. Such change persisted for a few hours, implying magnetospheric evolution on similar timescales. However, no radio emission was detected from postflare bursts, suggesting that FRB emission requires conditions beyond peculiar short bursts. The burst waiting times exhibit a broken power-law distribution, likely resulting from contamination by enhanced persistent emission. Although the bursts appear randomly distributed in the spin phase, the hardness ratio profile as a function of spin phase follows that of the persistent emission, indicating that X-ray bursts originate at low altitudes.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adea4eNeutron starsCompact objectsMagnetarsHigh energy astrophysicsRadio transient sources |
| spellingShingle | Chin-Ping Hu Zorawar Wadiasingh Wynn C. G. Ho Matthew G. Baring George A. Younes Teruaki Enoto Sebastien Guillot Tolga Güver Marlon L. Bause Rachael Stewart Alex Van Kooten Chryssa Kouveliotou Rapid Spectral Evolution of SGR 1935+2154 during Its 2022 Outburst The Astrophysical Journal Neutron stars Compact objects Magnetars High energy astrophysics Radio transient sources |
| title | Rapid Spectral Evolution of SGR 1935+2154 during Its 2022 Outburst |
| title_full | Rapid Spectral Evolution of SGR 1935+2154 during Its 2022 Outburst |
| title_fullStr | Rapid Spectral Evolution of SGR 1935+2154 during Its 2022 Outburst |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rapid Spectral Evolution of SGR 1935+2154 during Its 2022 Outburst |
| title_short | Rapid Spectral Evolution of SGR 1935+2154 during Its 2022 Outburst |
| title_sort | rapid spectral evolution of sgr 1935 2154 during its 2022 outburst |
| topic | Neutron stars Compact objects Magnetars High energy astrophysics Radio transient sources |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adea4e |
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