Patterns and factors associated with healthcare utilisation in Cambodia: a cross-sectional study based on the World Health Survey Plus 2023
Background The Cambodian government aims to boost healthcare utilisation in public facilities and reduce the spending burden for disadvantaged households. This study aims to describe patterns of public and private outpatient and inpatient healthcare use and investigate the factors associated with pu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMJ Publishing Group
2025-02-01
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| Series: | BMJ Public Health |
| Online Access: | https://bmjpublichealth.bmj.com/content/3/1/e001416.full |
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| author | Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch Por Ir Paul Kowal Nawi Ng Srean Chhim Chhorvann Chhea Chamnab Ngor Sereyraksmey Long Poppy Walton Khin Thiri Maung Grace Marie Ku Heng Sopheab |
| author_facet | Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch Por Ir Paul Kowal Nawi Ng Srean Chhim Chhorvann Chhea Chamnab Ngor Sereyraksmey Long Poppy Walton Khin Thiri Maung Grace Marie Ku Heng Sopheab |
| author_sort | Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background The Cambodian government aims to boost healthcare utilisation in public facilities and reduce the spending burden for disadvantaged households. This study aims to describe patterns of public and private outpatient and inpatient healthcare use and investigate the factors associated with public healthcare usage in Cambodia.Method A cross-sectional study was conducted in all provinces in Cambodia, including the capital, Phnom Penh. The analysis included 4603 individuals aged ≥18 who had received care within the last 12 months.Results Around 9% of outpatient and 50% of inpatient visits were made to public healthcare facilities. The number of outpatient visits made to public healthcare compared with private healthcare facilities was significantly higher in women (aOR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1, 1.8), living in rural settings (aOR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1, 1.7), those in the poorest (aOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2, 2.3) and poor (aOR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1, 2.1) compared with the richest wealth quintiles, and respondents with insurance coverage (aOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.6, 2.5). The number of inpatient visits made to public healthcare compared with private healthcare facilities was significantly higher in the poorest (aOR 2.4, 95% CI 1.4, 3.9), poor (aOR 2.4, 95% CI 1.5, 4.0) and middle (aOR 2.5, 95% CI 1.5, 4.1) compared with those in the richest wealth quintiles and respondents with insurance coverage (aOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.5, 3.2).Conclusion Our study shows that private healthcare dominates outpatient services in Cambodia, while public healthcare is more significant for inpatient care. Individuals with low socioeconomic status and those with insurance showed higher public healthcare utilisation for outpatient and inpatient services, with women more likely to use public outpatient care. To progress towards universal health coverage, it is essential to improve public healthcare quality, especially in rural areas, expand service coverage and social health protection and develop strategies to engage the private sector. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-979c8d26101a4ab8a5406c60132d9dcf |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2753-4294 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMJ Public Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-979c8d26101a4ab8a5406c60132d9dcf2025-02-11T17:40:11ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Public Health2753-42942025-02-013110.1136/bmjph-2024-001416Patterns and factors associated with healthcare utilisation in Cambodia: a cross-sectional study based on the World Health Survey Plus 2023Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch0Por Ir1Paul Kowal2Nawi Ng3Srean Chhim4Chhorvann Chhea5Chamnab Ngor6Sereyraksmey Long7Poppy Walton8Khin Thiri Maung9Grace Marie Ku10Heng Sopheab11Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South AfricaNational Institute of Public Health, Phnom Penh, CambodiaResearch Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai, ThailandSchool of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institution of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenNational Institute of Public Health, Phnom Penh, CambodiaCambodia National Institute of Public Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia1 School of Public Health, National Institute of Public Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia1 School of Public Health, National Institute of Public Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia4 HelpAge International, London, UK5 School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden6 Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium1 School of Public Health, National Institute of Public Health, Phnom Penh, CambodiaBackground The Cambodian government aims to boost healthcare utilisation in public facilities and reduce the spending burden for disadvantaged households. This study aims to describe patterns of public and private outpatient and inpatient healthcare use and investigate the factors associated with public healthcare usage in Cambodia.Method A cross-sectional study was conducted in all provinces in Cambodia, including the capital, Phnom Penh. The analysis included 4603 individuals aged ≥18 who had received care within the last 12 months.Results Around 9% of outpatient and 50% of inpatient visits were made to public healthcare facilities. The number of outpatient visits made to public healthcare compared with private healthcare facilities was significantly higher in women (aOR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1, 1.8), living in rural settings (aOR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1, 1.7), those in the poorest (aOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2, 2.3) and poor (aOR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1, 2.1) compared with the richest wealth quintiles, and respondents with insurance coverage (aOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.6, 2.5). The number of inpatient visits made to public healthcare compared with private healthcare facilities was significantly higher in the poorest (aOR 2.4, 95% CI 1.4, 3.9), poor (aOR 2.4, 95% CI 1.5, 4.0) and middle (aOR 2.5, 95% CI 1.5, 4.1) compared with those in the richest wealth quintiles and respondents with insurance coverage (aOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.5, 3.2).Conclusion Our study shows that private healthcare dominates outpatient services in Cambodia, while public healthcare is more significant for inpatient care. Individuals with low socioeconomic status and those with insurance showed higher public healthcare utilisation for outpatient and inpatient services, with women more likely to use public outpatient care. To progress towards universal health coverage, it is essential to improve public healthcare quality, especially in rural areas, expand service coverage and social health protection and develop strategies to engage the private sector.https://bmjpublichealth.bmj.com/content/3/1/e001416.full |
| spellingShingle | Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch Por Ir Paul Kowal Nawi Ng Srean Chhim Chhorvann Chhea Chamnab Ngor Sereyraksmey Long Poppy Walton Khin Thiri Maung Grace Marie Ku Heng Sopheab Patterns and factors associated with healthcare utilisation in Cambodia: a cross-sectional study based on the World Health Survey Plus 2023 BMJ Public Health |
| title | Patterns and factors associated with healthcare utilisation in Cambodia: a cross-sectional study based on the World Health Survey Plus 2023 |
| title_full | Patterns and factors associated with healthcare utilisation in Cambodia: a cross-sectional study based on the World Health Survey Plus 2023 |
| title_fullStr | Patterns and factors associated with healthcare utilisation in Cambodia: a cross-sectional study based on the World Health Survey Plus 2023 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Patterns and factors associated with healthcare utilisation in Cambodia: a cross-sectional study based on the World Health Survey Plus 2023 |
| title_short | Patterns and factors associated with healthcare utilisation in Cambodia: a cross-sectional study based on the World Health Survey Plus 2023 |
| title_sort | patterns and factors associated with healthcare utilisation in cambodia a cross sectional study based on the world health survey plus 2023 |
| url | https://bmjpublichealth.bmj.com/content/3/1/e001416.full |
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