Early weight gain after stopping smoking: a predictor of overall large weight gain? A single-site retrospective cohort study
Objectives Most people gain weight on stopping smoking but the extent of weight gain varies greatly. Interventions aimed at all quitters to prevent weight gain on cessation have proven unpopular but targeting people who have gained excess weight immediately after quitting may improve uptake and cost...
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BMJ Publishing Group
2018-12-01
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| Series: | BMJ Open |
| Online Access: | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/8/12/e023987.full |
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| author | Alexandra Pankova Eva Kralikova Kamila Zvolska Lenka Stepankova Milan Blaha Petra Ovesna Paul Aveyard |
| author_facet | Alexandra Pankova Eva Kralikova Kamila Zvolska Lenka Stepankova Milan Blaha Petra Ovesna Paul Aveyard |
| author_sort | Alexandra Pankova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives Most people gain weight on stopping smoking but the extent of weight gain varies greatly. Interventions aimed at all quitters to prevent weight gain on cessation have proven unpopular but targeting people who have gained excess weight immediately after quitting may improve uptake and cost-effectiveness. We examined whether early large postcessation weight gain predicts overall large weight gain.Design Retrospective cohort study.Setting Primary care setting—smoking cessation centre in Prague, Czech Republic.Participants Out of 3537 patients treated between 2005 and 2013, 1050 were continuous abstainers (verified by carbon monoxide measurement) at 1-year follow-up and formed the cohort of the current report. 48.7% were women (n=511) with the mean age of 46 (±14.4) years.Methods In this retrospective cohort study, all patients underwent usual tobacco dependence treatment using evidence-based methods. Weight was measured prior to smoking cessation and at each visit after quitting.Results The mean weight gain in the first month (n=763) was 0.79% (±2.03%), in the second month (n=646) was 1.49% (±2.58%), for the third month (n=566) 2.33% (±3.44%) and 4.1% (±5.31%) after 1-year follow-up (n=1050). The regression coefficient per 1% rise in the first 3 months was +0.13% (95% CI −0.04% to 0.30%). A receiver operating curve analysis showed that patients gaining more than 0.98% of their baseline weight during first 3 months had a sensitivity of 66% and specificity of 44% for gaining 7% or more weight by 12 months. In addition, lower body mass index and an increase in appetite at 3 months after quitting were associated with greater weight gain, while using nicotine replacement therapy was associated with less weight gain at 1-year follow-up.Conclusions People who stop smoking and gain a larger amount of weight early after quitting are not more likely to gain excessively at 1 year. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-97839eadf86d4f98869e809ae959f95a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2044-6055 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2018-12-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMJ Open |
| spelling | doaj-art-97839eadf86d4f98869e809ae959f95a2025-02-09T02:30:09ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552018-12-0181210.1136/bmjopen-2018-023987Early weight gain after stopping smoking: a predictor of overall large weight gain? A single-site retrospective cohort studyAlexandra Pankova0Eva Kralikova1Kamila Zvolska2Lenka Stepankova3Milan Blaha4Petra Ovesna5Paul Aveyard62 Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republiclecturer2 Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic1 Centre for Tobacco-Dependent, 3rd Medical Department, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic3 Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic6Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech RepublicNuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UKObjectives Most people gain weight on stopping smoking but the extent of weight gain varies greatly. Interventions aimed at all quitters to prevent weight gain on cessation have proven unpopular but targeting people who have gained excess weight immediately after quitting may improve uptake and cost-effectiveness. We examined whether early large postcessation weight gain predicts overall large weight gain.Design Retrospective cohort study.Setting Primary care setting—smoking cessation centre in Prague, Czech Republic.Participants Out of 3537 patients treated between 2005 and 2013, 1050 were continuous abstainers (verified by carbon monoxide measurement) at 1-year follow-up and formed the cohort of the current report. 48.7% were women (n=511) with the mean age of 46 (±14.4) years.Methods In this retrospective cohort study, all patients underwent usual tobacco dependence treatment using evidence-based methods. Weight was measured prior to smoking cessation and at each visit after quitting.Results The mean weight gain in the first month (n=763) was 0.79% (±2.03%), in the second month (n=646) was 1.49% (±2.58%), for the third month (n=566) 2.33% (±3.44%) and 4.1% (±5.31%) after 1-year follow-up (n=1050). The regression coefficient per 1% rise in the first 3 months was +0.13% (95% CI −0.04% to 0.30%). A receiver operating curve analysis showed that patients gaining more than 0.98% of their baseline weight during first 3 months had a sensitivity of 66% and specificity of 44% for gaining 7% or more weight by 12 months. In addition, lower body mass index and an increase in appetite at 3 months after quitting were associated with greater weight gain, while using nicotine replacement therapy was associated with less weight gain at 1-year follow-up.Conclusions People who stop smoking and gain a larger amount of weight early after quitting are not more likely to gain excessively at 1 year.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/8/12/e023987.full |
| spellingShingle | Alexandra Pankova Eva Kralikova Kamila Zvolska Lenka Stepankova Milan Blaha Petra Ovesna Paul Aveyard Early weight gain after stopping smoking: a predictor of overall large weight gain? A single-site retrospective cohort study BMJ Open |
| title | Early weight gain after stopping smoking: a predictor of overall large weight gain? A single-site retrospective cohort study |
| title_full | Early weight gain after stopping smoking: a predictor of overall large weight gain? A single-site retrospective cohort study |
| title_fullStr | Early weight gain after stopping smoking: a predictor of overall large weight gain? A single-site retrospective cohort study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Early weight gain after stopping smoking: a predictor of overall large weight gain? A single-site retrospective cohort study |
| title_short | Early weight gain after stopping smoking: a predictor of overall large weight gain? A single-site retrospective cohort study |
| title_sort | early weight gain after stopping smoking a predictor of overall large weight gain a single site retrospective cohort study |
| url | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/8/12/e023987.full |
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