Leisure constraints and the negotiation of structural relationships: a case study of scuba diving enthusiasts
BackgroundScuba diving has emerged as a popular recreational activity in China over the past two decades, yet academic research on this sport from the perspective of leisure studies remains limited. This study explores the relationship between leisure constraints and constraint negotiation among scu...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-06-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Sports and Active Living |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2025.1586601/full |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849232986561576960 |
|---|---|
| author | Jing Chen Jing Chen Jing Chen Zihan Yu Ruiyang Ni |
| author_facet | Jing Chen Jing Chen Jing Chen Zihan Yu Ruiyang Ni |
| author_sort | Jing Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundScuba diving has emerged as a popular recreational activity in China over the past two decades, yet academic research on this sport from the perspective of leisure studies remains limited. This study explores the relationship between leisure constraints and constraint negotiation among scuba diving enthusiasts, aiming to fill this research gap.MethodThis study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining in- depth interviews with 20 scuba diving enthusiasts and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) for survey and analysis. The interviews focused on the participants' leisure motivations, the constraints encountered at different stages of their diving careers, and the negotiation strategies they employed.ResultsThe findings revealed that scuba diving enthusiasts tend to use cognitive negotiation strategies when addressing personal and interpersonal constraints, while predominantly employing behavioral negotiation strategies when dealing with structural constraints. A structural relationship was identified between leisure constraints and constraint negotiation, indicating that the type of constraint influences the negotiation strategy employed.ConclusionsThis study provides empirical support for the structural relationship between leisure constraints and constraint negotiation, enriching the materials available for leisure research. Future research is recommended to expand the sample size and further explore the underlying mechanisms of this relationship, as well as to consider the authenticity and accuracy of respondents' self-reports. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9773e5e31be44be58a7eb2de7a2eaaac |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2624-9367 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Sports and Active Living |
| spelling | doaj-art-9773e5e31be44be58a7eb2de7a2eaaac2025-08-20T13:45:07ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Sports and Active Living2624-93672025-06-01710.3389/fspor.2025.15866011586601Leisure constraints and the negotiation of structural relationships: a case study of scuba diving enthusiastsJing Chen0Jing Chen1Jing Chen2Zihan Yu3Ruiyang Ni4School of Marxism, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaHangzhou International Urbanology Research Center & Zhejiang Urban Governance Studies Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaZhejiang Leisure Association, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaSchool of Public Affairs, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaSchool of Humanities & Foreign Languages, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaBackgroundScuba diving has emerged as a popular recreational activity in China over the past two decades, yet academic research on this sport from the perspective of leisure studies remains limited. This study explores the relationship between leisure constraints and constraint negotiation among scuba diving enthusiasts, aiming to fill this research gap.MethodThis study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining in- depth interviews with 20 scuba diving enthusiasts and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) for survey and analysis. The interviews focused on the participants' leisure motivations, the constraints encountered at different stages of their diving careers, and the negotiation strategies they employed.ResultsThe findings revealed that scuba diving enthusiasts tend to use cognitive negotiation strategies when addressing personal and interpersonal constraints, while predominantly employing behavioral negotiation strategies when dealing with structural constraints. A structural relationship was identified between leisure constraints and constraint negotiation, indicating that the type of constraint influences the negotiation strategy employed.ConclusionsThis study provides empirical support for the structural relationship between leisure constraints and constraint negotiation, enriching the materials available for leisure research. Future research is recommended to expand the sample size and further explore the underlying mechanisms of this relationship, as well as to consider the authenticity and accuracy of respondents' self-reports.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2025.1586601/fullSCUBA divingleisure constraintsconstraint negotiationcognitive strategiesbehavioral strategies |
| spellingShingle | Jing Chen Jing Chen Jing Chen Zihan Yu Ruiyang Ni Leisure constraints and the negotiation of structural relationships: a case study of scuba diving enthusiasts Frontiers in Sports and Active Living SCUBA diving leisure constraints constraint negotiation cognitive strategies behavioral strategies |
| title | Leisure constraints and the negotiation of structural relationships: a case study of scuba diving enthusiasts |
| title_full | Leisure constraints and the negotiation of structural relationships: a case study of scuba diving enthusiasts |
| title_fullStr | Leisure constraints and the negotiation of structural relationships: a case study of scuba diving enthusiasts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Leisure constraints and the negotiation of structural relationships: a case study of scuba diving enthusiasts |
| title_short | Leisure constraints and the negotiation of structural relationships: a case study of scuba diving enthusiasts |
| title_sort | leisure constraints and the negotiation of structural relationships a case study of scuba diving enthusiasts |
| topic | SCUBA diving leisure constraints constraint negotiation cognitive strategies behavioral strategies |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2025.1586601/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jingchen leisureconstraintsandthenegotiationofstructuralrelationshipsacasestudyofscubadivingenthusiasts AT jingchen leisureconstraintsandthenegotiationofstructuralrelationshipsacasestudyofscubadivingenthusiasts AT jingchen leisureconstraintsandthenegotiationofstructuralrelationshipsacasestudyofscubadivingenthusiasts AT zihanyu leisureconstraintsandthenegotiationofstructuralrelationshipsacasestudyofscubadivingenthusiasts AT ruiyangni leisureconstraintsandthenegotiationofstructuralrelationshipsacasestudyofscubadivingenthusiasts |