Influence of Filler from a Renewable Resource and Silane Coupling Agent on the Properties of Epoxidized Natural Rubber Vulcanizates
Rice husk ash (RHA) was used as a reinforcing filler in epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) with various loading levels (0, 10, 20, and 30 phr), and silica filled ENR was also studied for comparison. The effects of RHA content on cure characteristics, mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical properties...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2015-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Chemistry |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/796459 |
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| author | Wiphawadee Pongdong Charoen Nakason Claudia Kummerlöwe Norbert Vennemann |
| author_facet | Wiphawadee Pongdong Charoen Nakason Claudia Kummerlöwe Norbert Vennemann |
| author_sort | Wiphawadee Pongdong |
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| description | Rice husk ash (RHA) was used as a reinforcing filler in epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) with various loading levels (0, 10, 20, and 30 phr), and silica filled ENR was also studied for comparison. The effects of RHA content on cure characteristics, mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical properties, and thermoelastic behavior of the filled ENR composites were investigated. It was found that the incorporation of RHA significantly affected the cure characteristics and mechanical properties. That is, the incorporation of RHA caused faster curing reactions and increased Young’s modulus and tensile strength relative to the unfilled compound. This might be attributed to the metal oxide impurities in RHA that enhance the crosslinking reactions, thus increasing the crosslink density. Further improvements in the curing behavior and the mechanical properties of the filled composites were achieved by in situ silanization with bis(triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide (Si69). It was found that the rubber-filler interactions reinforced the composites. This was indicated by the decreased damping characteristic (tan δ) and the other changes in the mechanical properties. Furthermore, the ENR composites with Si69 had improved filler dispersion. Temperature scanning stress relaxation (TSSR) results suggest that the metal oxide impurities in RHA promote degradation of the polymer network at elevated temperatures. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-977253f0f4cd4acca3a47b111852b593 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-9063 2090-9071 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2015-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj-art-977253f0f4cd4acca3a47b111852b5932025-02-03T01:27:31ZengWileyJournal of Chemistry2090-90632090-90712015-01-01201510.1155/2015/796459796459Influence of Filler from a Renewable Resource and Silane Coupling Agent on the Properties of Epoxidized Natural Rubber VulcanizatesWiphawadee Pongdong0Charoen Nakason1Claudia Kummerlöwe2Norbert Vennemann3Department of Rubber Technology and Polymer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, Pattani 94000, ThailandFaculty of Science and Industrial Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani Campus, Surat Thani 84000, ThailandFaculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Osnabrück University of Applied Sciences, Albrechtstrasse 30, 49076 Osnabrück, GermanyFaculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Osnabrück University of Applied Sciences, Albrechtstrasse 30, 49076 Osnabrück, GermanyRice husk ash (RHA) was used as a reinforcing filler in epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) with various loading levels (0, 10, 20, and 30 phr), and silica filled ENR was also studied for comparison. The effects of RHA content on cure characteristics, mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical properties, and thermoelastic behavior of the filled ENR composites were investigated. It was found that the incorporation of RHA significantly affected the cure characteristics and mechanical properties. That is, the incorporation of RHA caused faster curing reactions and increased Young’s modulus and tensile strength relative to the unfilled compound. This might be attributed to the metal oxide impurities in RHA that enhance the crosslinking reactions, thus increasing the crosslink density. Further improvements in the curing behavior and the mechanical properties of the filled composites were achieved by in situ silanization with bis(triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide (Si69). It was found that the rubber-filler interactions reinforced the composites. This was indicated by the decreased damping characteristic (tan δ) and the other changes in the mechanical properties. Furthermore, the ENR composites with Si69 had improved filler dispersion. Temperature scanning stress relaxation (TSSR) results suggest that the metal oxide impurities in RHA promote degradation of the polymer network at elevated temperatures.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/796459 |
| spellingShingle | Wiphawadee Pongdong Charoen Nakason Claudia Kummerlöwe Norbert Vennemann Influence of Filler from a Renewable Resource and Silane Coupling Agent on the Properties of Epoxidized Natural Rubber Vulcanizates Journal of Chemistry |
| title | Influence of Filler from a Renewable Resource and Silane Coupling Agent on the Properties of Epoxidized Natural Rubber Vulcanizates |
| title_full | Influence of Filler from a Renewable Resource and Silane Coupling Agent on the Properties of Epoxidized Natural Rubber Vulcanizates |
| title_fullStr | Influence of Filler from a Renewable Resource and Silane Coupling Agent on the Properties of Epoxidized Natural Rubber Vulcanizates |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of Filler from a Renewable Resource and Silane Coupling Agent on the Properties of Epoxidized Natural Rubber Vulcanizates |
| title_short | Influence of Filler from a Renewable Resource and Silane Coupling Agent on the Properties of Epoxidized Natural Rubber Vulcanizates |
| title_sort | influence of filler from a renewable resource and silane coupling agent on the properties of epoxidized natural rubber vulcanizates |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/796459 |
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