Dietary patterns identified by latent class analysis in relation to the risk of cardiovascular disease: Tehran lipid and glucose study
Abstract Background Several data-driven reduction techniques have been developed to derive dietary patterns, each with different underlying assumptions and approaches to data handling. Here we aimed to determine the major dietary patterns of Tehranian adults using Latent Class Analysis (LCA) method,...
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BMC
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-01023-w |
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| author | Zahra Gaeini Sahar Mirzaee Parvin Mirmiran Fereidoun Azizi |
| author_facet | Zahra Gaeini Sahar Mirzaee Parvin Mirmiran Fereidoun Azizi |
| author_sort | Zahra Gaeini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Several data-driven reduction techniques have been developed to derive dietary patterns, each with different underlying assumptions and approaches to data handling. Here we aimed to determine the major dietary patterns of Tehranian adults using Latent Class Analysis (LCA) method, and assess the association between extracted patterns and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Methods 1849 adult men and women, aged ≥ 30 years, from the participants of the third phase (2006–2008) of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), without a CVD history were included. Baseline dietary intakes were estimated using a validated 168-items semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were obtained by LCA method. Adjusted Hazard Ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of CVD were calculated for the association of incident CVD and extracted dietary patterns. Results LCA classified the participants into four exclusive classes; named as “mixed pattern”, “healthy pattern”, “processed foods pattern”, “alternative class”. After adjustment for confounding variables, there was no significant association between LCA-derived classes and CVD incidence. Conclusion In this cohort of Tehranian adults, dietary patterns identified using the LCA method were not significantly associated with CVD risk over 10 years of follow-up. These findings suggest that LCA-derived dietary classifications may have limited predictive utility for CVD in this context. Future studies should consider combining LCA with other dietary assessment methods, incorporating repeated dietary measurements, and evaluating population-specific dietary behaviors to better understand diet–disease relationships. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-976626629c0b42dbae0ffb3c1ea06a32 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2072-1315 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj-art-976626629c0b42dbae0ffb3c1ea06a322025-08-20T04:03:01ZengBMCJournal of Health, Population and Nutrition2072-13152025-07-0144111110.1186/s41043-025-01023-wDietary patterns identified by latent class analysis in relation to the risk of cardiovascular disease: Tehran lipid and glucose studyZahra Gaeini0Sahar Mirzaee1Parvin Mirmiran2Fereidoun Azizi3Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesNutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesNutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesEndocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background Several data-driven reduction techniques have been developed to derive dietary patterns, each with different underlying assumptions and approaches to data handling. Here we aimed to determine the major dietary patterns of Tehranian adults using Latent Class Analysis (LCA) method, and assess the association between extracted patterns and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Methods 1849 adult men and women, aged ≥ 30 years, from the participants of the third phase (2006–2008) of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), without a CVD history were included. Baseline dietary intakes were estimated using a validated 168-items semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were obtained by LCA method. Adjusted Hazard Ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of CVD were calculated for the association of incident CVD and extracted dietary patterns. Results LCA classified the participants into four exclusive classes; named as “mixed pattern”, “healthy pattern”, “processed foods pattern”, “alternative class”. After adjustment for confounding variables, there was no significant association between LCA-derived classes and CVD incidence. Conclusion In this cohort of Tehranian adults, dietary patterns identified using the LCA method were not significantly associated with CVD risk over 10 years of follow-up. These findings suggest that LCA-derived dietary classifications may have limited predictive utility for CVD in this context. Future studies should consider combining LCA with other dietary assessment methods, incorporating repeated dietary measurements, and evaluating population-specific dietary behaviors to better understand diet–disease relationships.https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-01023-wDietary patternLatent class analysisCardiovascular disease |
| spellingShingle | Zahra Gaeini Sahar Mirzaee Parvin Mirmiran Fereidoun Azizi Dietary patterns identified by latent class analysis in relation to the risk of cardiovascular disease: Tehran lipid and glucose study Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition Dietary pattern Latent class analysis Cardiovascular disease |
| title | Dietary patterns identified by latent class analysis in relation to the risk of cardiovascular disease: Tehran lipid and glucose study |
| title_full | Dietary patterns identified by latent class analysis in relation to the risk of cardiovascular disease: Tehran lipid and glucose study |
| title_fullStr | Dietary patterns identified by latent class analysis in relation to the risk of cardiovascular disease: Tehran lipid and glucose study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dietary patterns identified by latent class analysis in relation to the risk of cardiovascular disease: Tehran lipid and glucose study |
| title_short | Dietary patterns identified by latent class analysis in relation to the risk of cardiovascular disease: Tehran lipid and glucose study |
| title_sort | dietary patterns identified by latent class analysis in relation to the risk of cardiovascular disease tehran lipid and glucose study |
| topic | Dietary pattern Latent class analysis Cardiovascular disease |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-01023-w |
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