Frequency, Resistance Patterns, and Serotypes of <i>Salmonella</i> Identified in Samples from Pigs of Colombia Collected from 2022 to 2023
The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of <i>Salmonella</i> in pig samples analyzed at the Veterinary Diagnostic Unit of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the University of Antioquia, Colombia, between 2022 and 2023. Out of 5820 serum samples analyzed using indi...
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2025-03-01
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| author | Stefany Barrientos-Villegas Juana L. Vidal Nidia Gomez Fernando L. Leite Sara López-Osorio Jenny J. Chaparro-Gutiérrez |
| author_facet | Stefany Barrientos-Villegas Juana L. Vidal Nidia Gomez Fernando L. Leite Sara López-Osorio Jenny J. Chaparro-Gutiérrez |
| author_sort | Stefany Barrientos-Villegas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of <i>Salmonella</i> in pig samples analyzed at the Veterinary Diagnostic Unit of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the University of Antioquia, Colombia, between 2022 and 2023. Out of 5820 serum samples analyzed using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, 63.76% were positive. Additionally, <i>Salmonella</i> was isolated and identified in a separate group of 848 samples (feces, tissues, etc.) with a positivity rate of 23.47%. Eight serotypes were identified, with the most common being <i>Salmonella enterica</i> subsp. <i>enterica</i> serotype Typhimurium (49.2%), followed by its monophasic variant I 4,[5],12:i:- (23%), and serotype Choleraesuis (18%). Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of 105 isolates were evaluated using the Kirby–Bauer method, which demonstrated higher resistance (100%) to ampicillin, tiamulin, penicillin, tylosin, and erythromycin (these were the least tested), followed by florfenicol (44/54), doxycycline (4/5), spectinomycin (18/25), amoxicillin (32/46), chloramphenicol (2/3), tetracycline (2/3), and enrofloxacin (34/64), with lower resistance observed for fosfomycin (2/38) and ceftiofur (5/35). Multi-drug resistance was observed in 59% (62/105) of the isolates. The high proportion of <i>Salmonella</i> and the levels of resistance to various drugs raise significant concerns, indicating potential deficiencies in responsible antimicrobial use and management practices on pig farms in the region. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2036-7481 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Microbiology Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-97569124caf746ecabeb50f7f41e95722025-08-20T02:18:20ZengMDPI AGMicrobiology Research2036-74812025-03-011647410.3390/microbiolres16040074Frequency, Resistance Patterns, and Serotypes of <i>Salmonella</i> Identified in Samples from Pigs of Colombia Collected from 2022 to 2023Stefany Barrientos-Villegas0Juana L. Vidal1Nidia Gomez2Fernando L. Leite3Sara López-Osorio4Jenny J. Chaparro-Gutiérrez5CIBAV Research Group, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Medellín 050010, ColombiaCIBAV Research Group, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Medellín 050010, ColombiaBoehringer Ingelheim Colombia, Bogota 110066, ColombiaBoehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc., Duluth, GA 30096, USACIBAV Research Group, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Medellín 050010, ColombiaCIBAV Research Group, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Medellín 050010, ColombiaThe objective of this study was to determine the frequency of <i>Salmonella</i> in pig samples analyzed at the Veterinary Diagnostic Unit of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the University of Antioquia, Colombia, between 2022 and 2023. Out of 5820 serum samples analyzed using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, 63.76% were positive. Additionally, <i>Salmonella</i> was isolated and identified in a separate group of 848 samples (feces, tissues, etc.) with a positivity rate of 23.47%. Eight serotypes were identified, with the most common being <i>Salmonella enterica</i> subsp. <i>enterica</i> serotype Typhimurium (49.2%), followed by its monophasic variant I 4,[5],12:i:- (23%), and serotype Choleraesuis (18%). Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of 105 isolates were evaluated using the Kirby–Bauer method, which demonstrated higher resistance (100%) to ampicillin, tiamulin, penicillin, tylosin, and erythromycin (these were the least tested), followed by florfenicol (44/54), doxycycline (4/5), spectinomycin (18/25), amoxicillin (32/46), chloramphenicol (2/3), tetracycline (2/3), and enrofloxacin (34/64), with lower resistance observed for fosfomycin (2/38) and ceftiofur (5/35). Multi-drug resistance was observed in 59% (62/105) of the isolates. The high proportion of <i>Salmonella</i> and the levels of resistance to various drugs raise significant concerns, indicating potential deficiencies in responsible antimicrobial use and management practices on pig farms in the region.https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7481/16/4/74<i>Salmonella</i>serotypeantimicrobial resistancepigsColombia |
| spellingShingle | Stefany Barrientos-Villegas Juana L. Vidal Nidia Gomez Fernando L. Leite Sara López-Osorio Jenny J. Chaparro-Gutiérrez Frequency, Resistance Patterns, and Serotypes of <i>Salmonella</i> Identified in Samples from Pigs of Colombia Collected from 2022 to 2023 Microbiology Research <i>Salmonella</i> serotype antimicrobial resistance pigs Colombia |
| title | Frequency, Resistance Patterns, and Serotypes of <i>Salmonella</i> Identified in Samples from Pigs of Colombia Collected from 2022 to 2023 |
| title_full | Frequency, Resistance Patterns, and Serotypes of <i>Salmonella</i> Identified in Samples from Pigs of Colombia Collected from 2022 to 2023 |
| title_fullStr | Frequency, Resistance Patterns, and Serotypes of <i>Salmonella</i> Identified in Samples from Pigs of Colombia Collected from 2022 to 2023 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Frequency, Resistance Patterns, and Serotypes of <i>Salmonella</i> Identified in Samples from Pigs of Colombia Collected from 2022 to 2023 |
| title_short | Frequency, Resistance Patterns, and Serotypes of <i>Salmonella</i> Identified in Samples from Pigs of Colombia Collected from 2022 to 2023 |
| title_sort | frequency resistance patterns and serotypes of i salmonella i identified in samples from pigs of colombia collected from 2022 to 2023 |
| topic | <i>Salmonella</i> serotype antimicrobial resistance pigs Colombia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7481/16/4/74 |
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