The Benefits of COVID-19 Vaccination for Pregnant Patients Hospitalized with Respiratory Symptoms: A Retrospective Cohort Study in South Brazil

Objectives: SARS-CoV-2 infection is a known risk factor for adverse health outcomes in pregnancy, affecting both maternal and neonatal health. Mounting evidence suggests that even a single dose of an approved COVID-19 vaccine protects against severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and is safe for both pregnant...

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Main Authors: Christopher J. Hernandez, Kavya G. Sundar, Fernando Echegaray, Mary Catherine Cambou, Lanbo Z. Yang, Eddy R. Segura, Marineide Gonçalves de Melo, Breno Riegel Santos, Ivana Rosângela dos Santos Varella, Karin Nielsen-Saines
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Vaccines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/12/1445
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author Christopher J. Hernandez
Kavya G. Sundar
Fernando Echegaray
Mary Catherine Cambou
Lanbo Z. Yang
Eddy R. Segura
Marineide Gonçalves de Melo
Breno Riegel Santos
Ivana Rosângela dos Santos Varella
Karin Nielsen-Saines
author_facet Christopher J. Hernandez
Kavya G. Sundar
Fernando Echegaray
Mary Catherine Cambou
Lanbo Z. Yang
Eddy R. Segura
Marineide Gonçalves de Melo
Breno Riegel Santos
Ivana Rosângela dos Santos Varella
Karin Nielsen-Saines
author_sort Christopher J. Hernandez
collection DOAJ
description Objectives: SARS-CoV-2 infection is a known risk factor for adverse health outcomes in pregnancy, affecting both maternal and neonatal health. Mounting evidence suggests that even a single dose of an approved COVID-19 vaccine protects against severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and is safe for both pregnant persons and neonates. Southern Brazil was heavily affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the protective effects of the vaccine on maternal and neonatal health are not well described. This study aims to examine the protective effects of maternal COVID-19 vaccination on both maternal and neonatal outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study that leveraged medical data from a tertiary center in South Brazil to compare maternal and infant outcomes between hospitalized pregnant persons with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection between 1 March 2020, and 1 March 2023. Results: In total, 524 patients were enrolled, including 275 pregnant patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and 249 without infection. SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with maternal ventilator support (adjusted Risk Ratio [aRR] = 1.48, 95% Confidence Interval [95% CI]: 1.08–2.03), while receipt of at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine was associated with protection against maternal sepsis (aRR = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.03–0.56), intensive care unit (ICU) admission (aRR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.10–0.68), need for ventilator support (aRR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.43–0.84), infant admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) (aRR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.47–0.82), and neonatal respiratory distress (aRR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.43–0.83). Conclusions: These findings further underscore the importance of maternal vaccination against COVID-19 during pregnancy. Even one dose of vaccine was protective against a variety of maternal and neonatal outcomes. Prenatal care should encourage COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy.
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spelling doaj-art-97510ed4e60040aca17e01818d1ab35e2025-08-20T02:43:50ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2024-12-011212144510.3390/vaccines12121445The Benefits of COVID-19 Vaccination for Pregnant Patients Hospitalized with Respiratory Symptoms: A Retrospective Cohort Study in South BrazilChristopher J. Hernandez0Kavya G. Sundar1Fernando Echegaray2Mary Catherine Cambou3Lanbo Z. Yang4Eddy R. Segura5Marineide Gonçalves de Melo6Breno Riegel Santos7Ivana Rosângela dos Santos Varella8Karin Nielsen-Saines9UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USACooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USAUCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USADivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USADepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USAFacultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Científica del Sur, Panamericana Sur Km 19, Villa, Lima 15067, PeruHospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Tubarão 88701-160, BrazilHospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Tubarão 88701-160, BrazilHospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Tubarão 88701-160, BrazilDivision of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USAObjectives: SARS-CoV-2 infection is a known risk factor for adverse health outcomes in pregnancy, affecting both maternal and neonatal health. Mounting evidence suggests that even a single dose of an approved COVID-19 vaccine protects against severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and is safe for both pregnant persons and neonates. Southern Brazil was heavily affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the protective effects of the vaccine on maternal and neonatal health are not well described. This study aims to examine the protective effects of maternal COVID-19 vaccination on both maternal and neonatal outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study that leveraged medical data from a tertiary center in South Brazil to compare maternal and infant outcomes between hospitalized pregnant persons with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection between 1 March 2020, and 1 March 2023. Results: In total, 524 patients were enrolled, including 275 pregnant patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and 249 without infection. SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with maternal ventilator support (adjusted Risk Ratio [aRR] = 1.48, 95% Confidence Interval [95% CI]: 1.08–2.03), while receipt of at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine was associated with protection against maternal sepsis (aRR = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.03–0.56), intensive care unit (ICU) admission (aRR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.10–0.68), need for ventilator support (aRR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.43–0.84), infant admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) (aRR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.47–0.82), and neonatal respiratory distress (aRR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.43–0.83). Conclusions: These findings further underscore the importance of maternal vaccination against COVID-19 during pregnancy. Even one dose of vaccine was protective against a variety of maternal and neonatal outcomes. Prenatal care should encourage COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/12/1445SARS-CoV-2COVID-19vaccinationpregnancy outcomes
spellingShingle Christopher J. Hernandez
Kavya G. Sundar
Fernando Echegaray
Mary Catherine Cambou
Lanbo Z. Yang
Eddy R. Segura
Marineide Gonçalves de Melo
Breno Riegel Santos
Ivana Rosângela dos Santos Varella
Karin Nielsen-Saines
The Benefits of COVID-19 Vaccination for Pregnant Patients Hospitalized with Respiratory Symptoms: A Retrospective Cohort Study in South Brazil
Vaccines
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
vaccination
pregnancy outcomes
title The Benefits of COVID-19 Vaccination for Pregnant Patients Hospitalized with Respiratory Symptoms: A Retrospective Cohort Study in South Brazil
title_full The Benefits of COVID-19 Vaccination for Pregnant Patients Hospitalized with Respiratory Symptoms: A Retrospective Cohort Study in South Brazil
title_fullStr The Benefits of COVID-19 Vaccination for Pregnant Patients Hospitalized with Respiratory Symptoms: A Retrospective Cohort Study in South Brazil
title_full_unstemmed The Benefits of COVID-19 Vaccination for Pregnant Patients Hospitalized with Respiratory Symptoms: A Retrospective Cohort Study in South Brazil
title_short The Benefits of COVID-19 Vaccination for Pregnant Patients Hospitalized with Respiratory Symptoms: A Retrospective Cohort Study in South Brazil
title_sort benefits of covid 19 vaccination for pregnant patients hospitalized with respiratory symptoms a retrospective cohort study in south brazil
topic SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
vaccination
pregnancy outcomes
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/12/1445
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