Quantification of FDG in the spinal cord using PET/MRI

BackgroundIn this study, we investigate the impact of MR-derived attenuation maps and limited detector resolution on the quantification of positron emission tomography (PET) activity uptake in the spinal cord during PET/MRI. This was performed by simulating [18F]FDG PET data in the neck and thorax a...

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Main Authors: Eve Lennie, Steven Sourbron, Nigel Hoggard, Thomas Jenkins, Charalampos Tsoumpas
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Nuclear Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnume.2025.1646662/full
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author Eve Lennie
Steven Sourbron
Nigel Hoggard
Nigel Hoggard
Thomas Jenkins
Thomas Jenkins
Charalampos Tsoumpas
author_facet Eve Lennie
Steven Sourbron
Nigel Hoggard
Nigel Hoggard
Thomas Jenkins
Thomas Jenkins
Charalampos Tsoumpas
author_sort Eve Lennie
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundIn this study, we investigate the impact of MR-derived attenuation maps and limited detector resolution on the quantification of positron emission tomography (PET) activity uptake in the spinal cord during PET/MRI. This was performed by simulating [18F]FDG PET data in the neck and thorax and then modifying the attenuation map to remove bone features. We then compared Ordered Subset Expectation Maximisation-reconstructed images to those with full attenuation correction. This simulation was performed at two detector resolutions of 2.1 and 4.4 mm. Acquisitions from a clinical study were then used to assess the ability of point spread function (PSF) modelling and time-of-flight (TOF) corrections, as implemented on the SIGNA PET/MR scanner (GE HealthCare), to correct for these quantification errors. For comparison, mean uptake was measured in regions of interest at each vertebral position along the spinal cord.ResultsSimulation results showed a decreasing pattern of uptake from the cervical to the thoracic spinal cord. When bone was not included in attenuation correction, the mean uptake decreased by 3%–10.4%. This difference in measured uptake was 6.4%–23.9% in images simulated at a detector resolution representative of a clinical PET/MRI scanner. At a detector resolution of 4.4 mm, a 32.2% decrease in uptake was measured compared to the 2.1 mm simulation. In patient data, introducing vertebral bone to the attenuation correction pseudo-CT led to a 1.8%–18.3% difference in SUVmean in the spinal cord. Applying PSF modelling did not lead to any statistically significant changes. TOF correction reduces the difference in SUVmean between data attenuation corrected with and without vertebral bone to 4.3%–7%. TOF Q.Clear images with beta = 100 showed the smallest difference between attenuation correction approaches at 0.6%–5.2%.ConclusionIgnoring bone during image reconstruction in PET/MRI reduces the activity measured during quantification of the spinal cord; however, the partial volume effect has a greater impact on reducing measured uptake in lower-resolution data. While time-of-flight correction goes somewhat resolves these quantification errors, further research is needed into partial volume correction.
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spelling doaj-art-973e0a48e2254b1b81555973bb4676d42025-08-26T05:27:51ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nuclear Medicine2673-88802025-08-01510.3389/fnume.2025.16466621646662Quantification of FDG in the spinal cord using PET/MRIEve Lennie0Steven Sourbron1Nigel Hoggard2Nigel Hoggard3Thomas Jenkins4Thomas Jenkins5Charalampos Tsoumpas6Division of Clinical Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United KingdomDivision of Clinical Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United KingdomDivision of Clinical Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United KingdomDepartment of Radiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United KingdomDivision of Clinical Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United KingdomJoondalup Healthcare Campus and Curtin University, Perth, WA, AustraliaDepartment of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, NetherlandsBackgroundIn this study, we investigate the impact of MR-derived attenuation maps and limited detector resolution on the quantification of positron emission tomography (PET) activity uptake in the spinal cord during PET/MRI. This was performed by simulating [18F]FDG PET data in the neck and thorax and then modifying the attenuation map to remove bone features. We then compared Ordered Subset Expectation Maximisation-reconstructed images to those with full attenuation correction. This simulation was performed at two detector resolutions of 2.1 and 4.4 mm. Acquisitions from a clinical study were then used to assess the ability of point spread function (PSF) modelling and time-of-flight (TOF) corrections, as implemented on the SIGNA PET/MR scanner (GE HealthCare), to correct for these quantification errors. For comparison, mean uptake was measured in regions of interest at each vertebral position along the spinal cord.ResultsSimulation results showed a decreasing pattern of uptake from the cervical to the thoracic spinal cord. When bone was not included in attenuation correction, the mean uptake decreased by 3%–10.4%. This difference in measured uptake was 6.4%–23.9% in images simulated at a detector resolution representative of a clinical PET/MRI scanner. At a detector resolution of 4.4 mm, a 32.2% decrease in uptake was measured compared to the 2.1 mm simulation. In patient data, introducing vertebral bone to the attenuation correction pseudo-CT led to a 1.8%–18.3% difference in SUVmean in the spinal cord. Applying PSF modelling did not lead to any statistically significant changes. TOF correction reduces the difference in SUVmean between data attenuation corrected with and without vertebral bone to 4.3%–7%. TOF Q.Clear images with beta = 100 showed the smallest difference between attenuation correction approaches at 0.6%–5.2%.ConclusionIgnoring bone during image reconstruction in PET/MRI reduces the activity measured during quantification of the spinal cord; however, the partial volume effect has a greater impact on reducing measured uptake in lower-resolution data. While time-of-flight correction goes somewhat resolves these quantification errors, further research is needed into partial volume correction.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnume.2025.1646662/fullPET/MRIpositron emission tomographymagnetic resonance imagingspinal cordneurologyneuroimaging
spellingShingle Eve Lennie
Steven Sourbron
Nigel Hoggard
Nigel Hoggard
Thomas Jenkins
Thomas Jenkins
Charalampos Tsoumpas
Quantification of FDG in the spinal cord using PET/MRI
Frontiers in Nuclear Medicine
PET/MRI
positron emission tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
spinal cord
neurology
neuroimaging
title Quantification of FDG in the spinal cord using PET/MRI
title_full Quantification of FDG in the spinal cord using PET/MRI
title_fullStr Quantification of FDG in the spinal cord using PET/MRI
title_full_unstemmed Quantification of FDG in the spinal cord using PET/MRI
title_short Quantification of FDG in the spinal cord using PET/MRI
title_sort quantification of fdg in the spinal cord using pet mri
topic PET/MRI
positron emission tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
spinal cord
neurology
neuroimaging
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnume.2025.1646662/full
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