Sub-Lexical Processing of Chinese–English Bilinguals: An ERP Analysis

Previous research has established that bilinguals automatically activate lexical items in both of their languages in a nonselectivemanner, even when processing linguistic information in the second language (L2) alone. However, whether this co-activation extends to the sub-lexical level remains debat...

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Main Authors: Yihan Chen, Eleonora Rossi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-09-01
Series:Brain Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/14/9/923
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author Yihan Chen
Eleonora Rossi
author_facet Yihan Chen
Eleonora Rossi
author_sort Yihan Chen
collection DOAJ
description Previous research has established that bilinguals automatically activate lexical items in both of their languages in a nonselectivemanner, even when processing linguistic information in the second language (L2) alone. However, whether this co-activation extends to the sub-lexical level remains debated. In this study, we investigate whether bilinguals access sub-lexical information while processing in their L2. Thirty-two Chinese–English bilinguals and thirty-one English monolinguals completed an EEG-based semantic relatedness task, during which they judged whether pairs of English words were related in meaning or not (±S). Unbeknownst to the participants, the form (±F) of the Chinese translations in half of the pairs shared a sub-lexical semantic radical. This leads to four conditions: +S+F, +S−F, −S+F, and −S−F. This design, along with the comparison to English monolinguals, allows us to examine if bilinguals’ native language is activated at the sub-lexical level when they are exposed only to L2. The results revealed that both groups showed sensitivity to semantic relatedness, as evidenced by a greater N400 for semantic unrelated pairs than related pairs, with monolinguals eliciting a more pronounced difference. Bilinguals, on the other hand, exhibited a greater P200 difference compared to monolinguals, indicating greater sensitivity to the hidden Chinese radical/form manipulation. These results suggest that highly proficient bilinguals automatically engage in lexical co-activation of their native language during L2 processing. Crucially, this co-activation extends to the sub-lexical semantic radical level.
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spelling doaj-art-972f1e074aa44eb7925637f90ea6c8432025-08-20T01:56:11ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252024-09-0114992310.3390/brainsci14090923Sub-Lexical Processing of Chinese–English Bilinguals: An ERP AnalysisYihan Chen0Eleonora Rossi1Department of Linguistics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USADepartment of Linguistics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USAPrevious research has established that bilinguals automatically activate lexical items in both of their languages in a nonselectivemanner, even when processing linguistic information in the second language (L2) alone. However, whether this co-activation extends to the sub-lexical level remains debated. In this study, we investigate whether bilinguals access sub-lexical information while processing in their L2. Thirty-two Chinese–English bilinguals and thirty-one English monolinguals completed an EEG-based semantic relatedness task, during which they judged whether pairs of English words were related in meaning or not (±S). Unbeknownst to the participants, the form (±F) of the Chinese translations in half of the pairs shared a sub-lexical semantic radical. This leads to four conditions: +S+F, +S−F, −S+F, and −S−F. This design, along with the comparison to English monolinguals, allows us to examine if bilinguals’ native language is activated at the sub-lexical level when they are exposed only to L2. The results revealed that both groups showed sensitivity to semantic relatedness, as evidenced by a greater N400 for semantic unrelated pairs than related pairs, with monolinguals eliciting a more pronounced difference. Bilinguals, on the other hand, exhibited a greater P200 difference compared to monolinguals, indicating greater sensitivity to the hidden Chinese radical/form manipulation. These results suggest that highly proficient bilinguals automatically engage in lexical co-activation of their native language during L2 processing. Crucially, this co-activation extends to the sub-lexical semantic radical level.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/14/9/923sub-lexical processingbilingualismP200N400
spellingShingle Yihan Chen
Eleonora Rossi
Sub-Lexical Processing of Chinese–English Bilinguals: An ERP Analysis
Brain Sciences
sub-lexical processing
bilingualism
P200
N400
title Sub-Lexical Processing of Chinese–English Bilinguals: An ERP Analysis
title_full Sub-Lexical Processing of Chinese–English Bilinguals: An ERP Analysis
title_fullStr Sub-Lexical Processing of Chinese–English Bilinguals: An ERP Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Sub-Lexical Processing of Chinese–English Bilinguals: An ERP Analysis
title_short Sub-Lexical Processing of Chinese–English Bilinguals: An ERP Analysis
title_sort sub lexical processing of chinese english bilinguals an erp analysis
topic sub-lexical processing
bilingualism
P200
N400
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/14/9/923
work_keys_str_mv AT yihanchen sublexicalprocessingofchineseenglishbilingualsanerpanalysis
AT eleonorarossi sublexicalprocessingofchineseenglishbilingualsanerpanalysis