Characterizing annual leaf area index changes and volume growth using ALS and satellite data in forest plantations

While Leaf Area Index (LAI) is critical for understanding forest canopy, photosynthesis and forest growth, traditional field-based LAI measurements are laborious and costly. Remote sensing offers a practical alternative for extensive assessments. Satellite imagery provides broad-scale, long-term mon...

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Main Authors: Gonzalo Gavilán-Acuna, Nicholas C. Coops, Piotr Tompalski, Pablo Mena-Quijada, Andrés Varhola, Dominik Roeser, Guillermo F. Olmedo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Science of Remote Sensing
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666017224000439
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author Gonzalo Gavilán-Acuna
Nicholas C. Coops
Piotr Tompalski
Pablo Mena-Quijada
Andrés Varhola
Dominik Roeser
Guillermo F. Olmedo
author_facet Gonzalo Gavilán-Acuna
Nicholas C. Coops
Piotr Tompalski
Pablo Mena-Quijada
Andrés Varhola
Dominik Roeser
Guillermo F. Olmedo
author_sort Gonzalo Gavilán-Acuna
collection DOAJ
description While Leaf Area Index (LAI) is critical for understanding forest canopy, photosynthesis and forest growth, traditional field-based LAI measurements are laborious and costly. Remote sensing offers a practical alternative for extensive assessments. Satellite imagery provides broad-scale, long-term monitoring; however, may lack detail needed to guide specific forest management actions. Conversely, Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) provides accurate LAI estimates at fine spatial detail but is limited by cost and temporal monitoring constraints. Combining ALS data with satellite observations could enhance plantation management decisions by balancing extensive coverage with detailed observations. This study explores the integration of ALS and satellite remote sensing as a comprehensive alternative for assessing LAI and stand volume growth rate (m3/ha/year) in operational Pinus radiata plantations in central-south Chile. Our approach comprised four major steps. First, we applied the Beer-Lambert law using ALS vertical profiles to estimate LAI across a forest plantation (LAIALS). We found that ALS accurately estimated LAI across 121 plots (R2 = 0.82 and RMSE = 0.51). Second, we built a simple linear regression to link LAIALS with the Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) derived from surface reflectance information from the Landsat/Sentinel-2 satellites, resulting in an R2 of 0.53 and an RMSE of 1.17. This step showed a higher correlation with satellite data compared to using only ground-based LAI estimates (R2 = 0.38; RMSE = 1.18). Third, we transformed biweekly NDMI time series to LAI, then derived peak annual LAI as an indicator of mean annual increment (MAI) (R2 = 0.51; RMSE = 5.27 m³/ha/year). This allowed us to characterize stand growth and LAI on a yearly wall-to-wall basis. Throughout the modelling steps, we incorporated error propagation, allowing final estimates to be error bounded. This integrated approach serves as a tool for identifying and visualizing growth irregularities, guiding adaptive management strategies to maintain or enhance stand productivity over time.
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spelling doaj-art-97293a844be84612bd8ff7056c8f2d8f2025-08-20T02:50:27ZengElsevierScience of Remote Sensing2666-01722024-12-011010015910.1016/j.srs.2024.100159Characterizing annual leaf area index changes and volume growth using ALS and satellite data in forest plantationsGonzalo Gavilán-Acuna0Nicholas C. Coops1Piotr Tompalski2Pablo Mena-Quijada3Andrés Varhola4Dominik Roeser5Guillermo F. Olmedo6Department of Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada; Corresponding author.Department of Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, CanadaCanadian Forest Service (Pacific Forestry Centre), 506 West Burnside Road, Victoria, Natural Resources Canada, BC, V8Z 1M5, CanadaInvestigaciones Forestales Bioforest S.A, Camino a Coronel, Km. 15, 403 0000, Concepción, ChileDepartment of Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, CanadaDepartment of Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, CanadaInvestigaciones Forestales Bioforest S.A, Camino a Coronel, Km. 15, 403 0000, Concepción, ChileWhile Leaf Area Index (LAI) is critical for understanding forest canopy, photosynthesis and forest growth, traditional field-based LAI measurements are laborious and costly. Remote sensing offers a practical alternative for extensive assessments. Satellite imagery provides broad-scale, long-term monitoring; however, may lack detail needed to guide specific forest management actions. Conversely, Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) provides accurate LAI estimates at fine spatial detail but is limited by cost and temporal monitoring constraints. Combining ALS data with satellite observations could enhance plantation management decisions by balancing extensive coverage with detailed observations. This study explores the integration of ALS and satellite remote sensing as a comprehensive alternative for assessing LAI and stand volume growth rate (m3/ha/year) in operational Pinus radiata plantations in central-south Chile. Our approach comprised four major steps. First, we applied the Beer-Lambert law using ALS vertical profiles to estimate LAI across a forest plantation (LAIALS). We found that ALS accurately estimated LAI across 121 plots (R2 = 0.82 and RMSE = 0.51). Second, we built a simple linear regression to link LAIALS with the Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) derived from surface reflectance information from the Landsat/Sentinel-2 satellites, resulting in an R2 of 0.53 and an RMSE of 1.17. This step showed a higher correlation with satellite data compared to using only ground-based LAI estimates (R2 = 0.38; RMSE = 1.18). Third, we transformed biweekly NDMI time series to LAI, then derived peak annual LAI as an indicator of mean annual increment (MAI) (R2 = 0.51; RMSE = 5.27 m³/ha/year). This allowed us to characterize stand growth and LAI on a yearly wall-to-wall basis. Throughout the modelling steps, we incorporated error propagation, allowing final estimates to be error bounded. This integrated approach serves as a tool for identifying and visualizing growth irregularities, guiding adaptive management strategies to maintain or enhance stand productivity over time.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666017224000439LiDARHarmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 (HLS)Vegetation indexPrecision forestry
spellingShingle Gonzalo Gavilán-Acuna
Nicholas C. Coops
Piotr Tompalski
Pablo Mena-Quijada
Andrés Varhola
Dominik Roeser
Guillermo F. Olmedo
Characterizing annual leaf area index changes and volume growth using ALS and satellite data in forest plantations
Science of Remote Sensing
LiDAR
Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 (HLS)
Vegetation index
Precision forestry
title Characterizing annual leaf area index changes and volume growth using ALS and satellite data in forest plantations
title_full Characterizing annual leaf area index changes and volume growth using ALS and satellite data in forest plantations
title_fullStr Characterizing annual leaf area index changes and volume growth using ALS and satellite data in forest plantations
title_full_unstemmed Characterizing annual leaf area index changes and volume growth using ALS and satellite data in forest plantations
title_short Characterizing annual leaf area index changes and volume growth using ALS and satellite data in forest plantations
title_sort characterizing annual leaf area index changes and volume growth using als and satellite data in forest plantations
topic LiDAR
Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 (HLS)
Vegetation index
Precision forestry
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666017224000439
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