Observing black hole phase transitions in extended phase space and holographic thermodynamics approaches from optical features

Abstract The phase transitions of charged Anti-de Sitter (AdS) black holes are characterized by studying null geodesics in the vicinity of the critical curve of photon trajectories around black holes as well as their optical appearance as the black hole images. In the present work, the critical para...

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Main Authors: Chatchai Promsiri, Weerawit Horinouchi, Ekapong Hirunsirisawat
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-05-01
Series:European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14221-x
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author Chatchai Promsiri
Weerawit Horinouchi
Ekapong Hirunsirisawat
author_facet Chatchai Promsiri
Weerawit Horinouchi
Ekapong Hirunsirisawat
author_sort Chatchai Promsiri
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The phase transitions of charged Anti-de Sitter (AdS) black holes are characterized by studying null geodesics in the vicinity of the critical curve of photon trajectories around black holes as well as their optical appearance as the black hole images. In the present work, the critical parameters including the orbital half-period $$\tau ,$$ τ , the angular Lyapunov exponent $$\lambda _L,$$ λ L , and the temporal Lyapunov exponent $$\gamma _L$$ γ L are employed to characterize black hole phase transitions within both the extended phase space and holographic thermodynamics frameworks. Under certain conditions, we observe multi-valued function behaviors of these parameters as functions of bulk pressure and temperature in the respective approaches. We propose that $$\tau ,$$ τ , $$\lambda _L,$$ λ L , and $$\gamma _L$$ γ L can serve as order parameters due to their discontinuous changes at first-order phase transitions. To validate this, we provide detailed analytical calculations demonstrating that these optical critical parameters follow scaling behavior near the critical phase transition point. Notably, the critical exponents for these parameters are found to be 1/2,  consistent with those of the van der Waals fluid. Our findings suggest that static and distant observers can study black hole thermodynamics by analyzing the images of regions around the black holes.
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spelling doaj-art-971857b4a0bc466782ef44ed453df90e2025-08-20T02:10:54ZengSpringerOpenEuropean Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields1434-60522025-05-0185512310.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14221-xObserving black hole phase transitions in extended phase space and holographic thermodynamics approaches from optical featuresChatchai Promsiri0Weerawit Horinouchi1Ekapong Hirunsirisawat2Quantum Computing and Information Research Centre (QX), Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology ThonburiHigh Energy Physics Research Unit, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn UniversityQuantum Computing and Information Research Centre (QX), Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology ThonburiAbstract The phase transitions of charged Anti-de Sitter (AdS) black holes are characterized by studying null geodesics in the vicinity of the critical curve of photon trajectories around black holes as well as their optical appearance as the black hole images. In the present work, the critical parameters including the orbital half-period $$\tau ,$$ τ , the angular Lyapunov exponent $$\lambda _L,$$ λ L , and the temporal Lyapunov exponent $$\gamma _L$$ γ L are employed to characterize black hole phase transitions within both the extended phase space and holographic thermodynamics frameworks. Under certain conditions, we observe multi-valued function behaviors of these parameters as functions of bulk pressure and temperature in the respective approaches. We propose that $$\tau ,$$ τ , $$\lambda _L,$$ λ L , and $$\gamma _L$$ γ L can serve as order parameters due to their discontinuous changes at first-order phase transitions. To validate this, we provide detailed analytical calculations demonstrating that these optical critical parameters follow scaling behavior near the critical phase transition point. Notably, the critical exponents for these parameters are found to be 1/2,  consistent with those of the van der Waals fluid. Our findings suggest that static and distant observers can study black hole thermodynamics by analyzing the images of regions around the black holes.https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14221-x
spellingShingle Chatchai Promsiri
Weerawit Horinouchi
Ekapong Hirunsirisawat
Observing black hole phase transitions in extended phase space and holographic thermodynamics approaches from optical features
European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields
title Observing black hole phase transitions in extended phase space and holographic thermodynamics approaches from optical features
title_full Observing black hole phase transitions in extended phase space and holographic thermodynamics approaches from optical features
title_fullStr Observing black hole phase transitions in extended phase space and holographic thermodynamics approaches from optical features
title_full_unstemmed Observing black hole phase transitions in extended phase space and holographic thermodynamics approaches from optical features
title_short Observing black hole phase transitions in extended phase space and holographic thermodynamics approaches from optical features
title_sort observing black hole phase transitions in extended phase space and holographic thermodynamics approaches from optical features
url https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14221-x
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AT weerawithorinouchi observingblackholephasetransitionsinextendedphasespaceandholographicthermodynamicsapproachesfromopticalfeatures
AT ekaponghirunsirisawat observingblackholephasetransitionsinextendedphasespaceandholographicthermodynamicsapproachesfromopticalfeatures