A Thermo–TDR Sensor for Simultaneous Measurement of Unfrozen Water Content and Thermal Conductivity of Frozen Soil

A Thermo–TDR Sensor for Simultaneous Measurement of Unfrozen Water Content and Thermal Conductivity of Frozen Soil

Due to increasing human engineering activities in cold regions, the precise measurement of frozen soil’s physical property parameters has become particularly important. Traditional measurements of thermal conductivity and unfrozen water content of frozen soil are usually tested separately, leading t...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Panting Liu, Simao Fan, Qingyi Mu, Qifan Zhang, Linlin Tang, Jine Liu, Fuqing Cui, Zhiyun Liu, Xuna Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Sensors
Subjects:
multi-sensor fusion
thermo-TDR probe
frozen soil
unfrozen water content
thermal conductivity
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/7/2155
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