A lacustrine record of rainfall-induced variations in the pedogenic and weathering processes during the Late Holocene

In recent decades, extreme weather events have become more frequent across the globe. It necessitates a deeper understanding of the underlying driving mechanisms. This study reconstructs the paleoclimatic variability of southern India, particularly the coastal Karnataka, over the past two millennia...

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Main Authors: Adichinalniravel S. Yamuna, Anish K. Warrier, Bharti Sharma, Kizhur Sandeep, Mamilla Venkateshwarlu, Powravi Sai, George S. Joju, Geetha H. Aravind, Abdul K. Rafaz, Kakunja V. Reshma, Rajveer Sharma
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2026-02-01
Series:Geosystems and Geoenvironment
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772883825000895
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author Adichinalniravel S. Yamuna
Anish K. Warrier
Bharti Sharma
Kizhur Sandeep
Mamilla Venkateshwarlu
Powravi Sai
George S. Joju
Geetha H. Aravind
Abdul K. Rafaz
Kakunja V. Reshma
Rajveer Sharma
author_facet Adichinalniravel S. Yamuna
Anish K. Warrier
Bharti Sharma
Kizhur Sandeep
Mamilla Venkateshwarlu
Powravi Sai
George S. Joju
Geetha H. Aravind
Abdul K. Rafaz
Kakunja V. Reshma
Rajveer Sharma
author_sort Adichinalniravel S. Yamuna
collection DOAJ
description In recent decades, extreme weather events have become more frequent across the globe. It necessitates a deeper understanding of the underlying driving mechanisms. This study reconstructs the paleoclimatic variability of southern India, particularly the coastal Karnataka, over the past two millennia using a multiproxy approach (geochronology, environmental magnetism, sedimentology, inorganic geochemical analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy, and loss-on-ignition). The study was conducted on a 1.54-m-long lacustrine sediment core covering the past 1566 years, from 2005 to 439 cal yr BP. Four distinct climatic phases were delineated, reflecting successive stages of the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) strengthening in the Late Holocene. Phase 1, which spans from 2000 to 1550 cal yr BP, experienced moderately low rainfall and weak pedogenesis. In Phase 2 (1550–1230 cal yr BP), the monsoon strengthened, leading to strong precipitation, intense weathering and pedogenesis, and high lake levels. Phases 3 (1230–570 cal yr BP) and 4 (570–439 cal yr BP) experienced stronger monsoons and a burst of rainfall that strengthened catchment streams, elevated lake levels, and increased productivity and sedimentation rate. A comparative study with regional records suggests a similar trend in broad climate variability, revealing a global teleconnection. The climatic evolution of coastal Karnataka aligns with the shifts in the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and Total Solar Irradiance (TSI). Additionally, the signatures of global factors like ITCZ, ENSO, and TSI have been overprinted by the signatures of regional factors such as sea surface temperature (SST), especially during periods of active Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD).
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spelling doaj-art-96f5a4ff1d364b52a415f15de6613aaa2025-08-20T04:00:55ZengElsevierGeosystems and Geoenvironment2772-88382026-02-015110044110.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100441A lacustrine record of rainfall-induced variations in the pedogenic and weathering processes during the Late HoloceneAdichinalniravel S. Yamuna0Anish K. Warrier1Bharti Sharma2Kizhur Sandeep3Mamilla Venkateshwarlu4Powravi Sai5George S. Joju6Geetha H. Aravind7Abdul K. Rafaz8Kakunja V. Reshma9Rajveer Sharma10Centre for Climate Studies, Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, IndiaCentre for Climate Studies, Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India; Corresponding author.AADYA-Planetary and Geoscience Research, 136, First floor, 6, Ansal Chamber-II, Bhikaji Cama Place, New Delhi-110066, IndiaDepartment of Geology, School of Earth Science Systems, Central University of Kerala, Periye (P.O.), Tejaswini Hills, Kasaragod, Kerala-671320, IndiaCSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Uppal Road, Hyderabad-500007, Telangana, IndiaCentre for Climate Studies, Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, IndiaCentre for Climate Studies, Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, IndiaDepartment of Geology, School of Earth Science Systems, Central University of Kerala, Periye (P.O.), Tejaswini Hills, Kasaragod, Kerala-671320, IndiaDepartment of Geology, School of Earth Science Systems, Central University of Kerala, Periye (P.O.), Tejaswini Hills, Kasaragod, Kerala-671320, IndiaDepartment of Geology, School of Earth Science Systems, Central University of Kerala, Periye (P.O.), Tejaswini Hills, Kasaragod, Kerala-671320, IndiaInter-University Accelerator Centre, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi-110067, IndiaIn recent decades, extreme weather events have become more frequent across the globe. It necessitates a deeper understanding of the underlying driving mechanisms. This study reconstructs the paleoclimatic variability of southern India, particularly the coastal Karnataka, over the past two millennia using a multiproxy approach (geochronology, environmental magnetism, sedimentology, inorganic geochemical analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy, and loss-on-ignition). The study was conducted on a 1.54-m-long lacustrine sediment core covering the past 1566 years, from 2005 to 439 cal yr BP. Four distinct climatic phases were delineated, reflecting successive stages of the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) strengthening in the Late Holocene. Phase 1, which spans from 2000 to 1550 cal yr BP, experienced moderately low rainfall and weak pedogenesis. In Phase 2 (1550–1230 cal yr BP), the monsoon strengthened, leading to strong precipitation, intense weathering and pedogenesis, and high lake levels. Phases 3 (1230–570 cal yr BP) and 4 (570–439 cal yr BP) experienced stronger monsoons and a burst of rainfall that strengthened catchment streams, elevated lake levels, and increased productivity and sedimentation rate. A comparative study with regional records suggests a similar trend in broad climate variability, revealing a global teleconnection. The climatic evolution of coastal Karnataka aligns with the shifts in the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and Total Solar Irradiance (TSI). Additionally, the signatures of global factors like ITCZ, ENSO, and TSI have been overprinted by the signatures of regional factors such as sea surface temperature (SST), especially during periods of active Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD).http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772883825000895Environmental magnetismIndian summer monsoonCoastal KarnatakaSedimentologyInorganic geochemistryIndian Ocean Dipole
spellingShingle Adichinalniravel S. Yamuna
Anish K. Warrier
Bharti Sharma
Kizhur Sandeep
Mamilla Venkateshwarlu
Powravi Sai
George S. Joju
Geetha H. Aravind
Abdul K. Rafaz
Kakunja V. Reshma
Rajveer Sharma
A lacustrine record of rainfall-induced variations in the pedogenic and weathering processes during the Late Holocene
Geosystems and Geoenvironment
Environmental magnetism
Indian summer monsoon
Coastal Karnataka
Sedimentology
Inorganic geochemistry
Indian Ocean Dipole
title A lacustrine record of rainfall-induced variations in the pedogenic and weathering processes during the Late Holocene
title_full A lacustrine record of rainfall-induced variations in the pedogenic and weathering processes during the Late Holocene
title_fullStr A lacustrine record of rainfall-induced variations in the pedogenic and weathering processes during the Late Holocene
title_full_unstemmed A lacustrine record of rainfall-induced variations in the pedogenic and weathering processes during the Late Holocene
title_short A lacustrine record of rainfall-induced variations in the pedogenic and weathering processes during the Late Holocene
title_sort lacustrine record of rainfall induced variations in the pedogenic and weathering processes during the late holocene
topic Environmental magnetism
Indian summer monsoon
Coastal Karnataka
Sedimentology
Inorganic geochemistry
Indian Ocean Dipole
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772883825000895
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