Galectin-3 as a biomarker for periodontal disease severity in postcoronavirus disease 2019 patients: A clinical and biochemical investigation

Background: The relationship between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and periodontitis has been interesting. Understanding this connection is crucial for comprehensive patient care and highlights the importance of monitoring and addressing oral health issues in an individual’s post-COVID-19 reco...

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Main Authors: Nimisha Mithradas, Uma Sudhakar, Vijayalakshmi Rajaram, Shankar Ram, Navina Ravindran
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2024-09-01
Series:Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology
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Online Access:https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jisp.jisp_38_24
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author Nimisha Mithradas
Uma Sudhakar
Vijayalakshmi Rajaram
Shankar Ram
Navina Ravindran
author_facet Nimisha Mithradas
Uma Sudhakar
Vijayalakshmi Rajaram
Shankar Ram
Navina Ravindran
author_sort Nimisha Mithradas
collection DOAJ
description Background: The relationship between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and periodontitis has been interesting. Understanding this connection is crucial for comprehensive patient care and highlights the importance of monitoring and addressing oral health issues in an individual’s post-COVID-19 recovery. This study compared and evaluated the serum Galectin-3 (Gal-3) levels and clinical parameters in healthy individuals with chronic periodontitis with no history of COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 patients with periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Group I consists of 25 post-COVID-19 patients with Stage II Grade B periodontitis, 25 patients with Stage II Grade B periodontitis without any history of COVID-19 (Group II), and 25 healthy controls (Group III) were recruited for the study. Gal-3 levels in serum were assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Clinical periodontal variables were measured and recorded, including clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI), and probing pocket depth (PPD). Data analyses were done using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and Tukey’s honest significant difference post hoc tests. Results: Group I patients had a higher serum Gal-3 concentrations of 14.757 ng/ml compared to 11.127 ng/ml and 8.673 ng/ml in Group II and Group III, respectively, and the mean difference in Gal-3 levels was statistically significant with P = 0.000. The mean PPD, CAL, and PI were significantly high in Groups I and II compared to Groups II and III with P = 0.000. Conclusion: The current study’s findings demonstrated that periodontitis patients and individuals with post-COVID-19 and periodontitis had increased Gal-3 levels in the serum compared to healthy participants. This study highlights the relevance of treating periodontitis during the post-COVID-19/long-COVID era and the need to maintain oral hygiene by identifying possible biomarkers and understanding specific underlying processes.
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spelling doaj-art-96f4b3f1e1374accb2be3ff5500019ef2025-08-20T02:52:52ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsJournal of Indian Society of Periodontology0972-124X0975-15802024-09-0128555155610.4103/jisp.jisp_38_24Galectin-3 as a biomarker for periodontal disease severity in postcoronavirus disease 2019 patients: A clinical and biochemical investigationNimisha MithradasUma SudhakarVijayalakshmi RajaramShankar RamNavina RavindranBackground: The relationship between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and periodontitis has been interesting. Understanding this connection is crucial for comprehensive patient care and highlights the importance of monitoring and addressing oral health issues in an individual’s post-COVID-19 recovery. This study compared and evaluated the serum Galectin-3 (Gal-3) levels and clinical parameters in healthy individuals with chronic periodontitis with no history of COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 patients with periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Group I consists of 25 post-COVID-19 patients with Stage II Grade B periodontitis, 25 patients with Stage II Grade B periodontitis without any history of COVID-19 (Group II), and 25 healthy controls (Group III) were recruited for the study. Gal-3 levels in serum were assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Clinical periodontal variables were measured and recorded, including clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI), and probing pocket depth (PPD). Data analyses were done using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and Tukey’s honest significant difference post hoc tests. Results: Group I patients had a higher serum Gal-3 concentrations of 14.757 ng/ml compared to 11.127 ng/ml and 8.673 ng/ml in Group II and Group III, respectively, and the mean difference in Gal-3 levels was statistically significant with P = 0.000. The mean PPD, CAL, and PI were significantly high in Groups I and II compared to Groups II and III with P = 0.000. Conclusion: The current study’s findings demonstrated that periodontitis patients and individuals with post-COVID-19 and periodontitis had increased Gal-3 levels in the serum compared to healthy participants. This study highlights the relevance of treating periodontitis during the post-COVID-19/long-COVID era and the need to maintain oral hygiene by identifying possible biomarkers and understanding specific underlying processes.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jisp.jisp_38_24galectin-3periodontitispostcoronavirus disease 2019severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2
spellingShingle Nimisha Mithradas
Uma Sudhakar
Vijayalakshmi Rajaram
Shankar Ram
Navina Ravindran
Galectin-3 as a biomarker for periodontal disease severity in postcoronavirus disease 2019 patients: A clinical and biochemical investigation
Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology
galectin-3
periodontitis
postcoronavirus disease 2019
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2
title Galectin-3 as a biomarker for periodontal disease severity in postcoronavirus disease 2019 patients: A clinical and biochemical investigation
title_full Galectin-3 as a biomarker for periodontal disease severity in postcoronavirus disease 2019 patients: A clinical and biochemical investigation
title_fullStr Galectin-3 as a biomarker for periodontal disease severity in postcoronavirus disease 2019 patients: A clinical and biochemical investigation
title_full_unstemmed Galectin-3 as a biomarker for periodontal disease severity in postcoronavirus disease 2019 patients: A clinical and biochemical investigation
title_short Galectin-3 as a biomarker for periodontal disease severity in postcoronavirus disease 2019 patients: A clinical and biochemical investigation
title_sort galectin 3 as a biomarker for periodontal disease severity in postcoronavirus disease 2019 patients a clinical and biochemical investigation
topic galectin-3
periodontitis
postcoronavirus disease 2019
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2
url https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jisp.jisp_38_24
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