Managing nitrogen to achieve sustainable food-energy-water nexus in China

Abstract Nitrogen holds a crucial place in sustaining the food-energy-water (FEW) nexus, which underpins human society. Its importance spans food production, energy generation, and water quality preservation. Here we show that comprehensive nitrogen management strategies offer the dual benefits of s...

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Main Authors: Binhui Chen, Xiuming Zhang, Baojing Gu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60098-5
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author Binhui Chen
Xiuming Zhang
Baojing Gu
author_facet Binhui Chen
Xiuming Zhang
Baojing Gu
author_sort Binhui Chen
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Nitrogen holds a crucial place in sustaining the food-energy-water (FEW) nexus, which underpins human society. Its importance spans food production, energy generation, and water quality preservation. Here we show that comprehensive nitrogen management strategies offer the dual benefits of satisfying China’s food requirements and boosting nitrogen energy production from straw by 1 million tonnes (26%) compared to 2020. Simultaneously, these strategies could lead to a reduction of 8 million tonnes (−31%) in nitrogen fertilizer usage, a decrease of 3.8 million tonnes (−46%) in nitrogen-induced water pollution, and a halving of water consumption in agriculture, all relative to 2020 levels. These transformative changes within the FEW nexus could result in national societal gains of around US$140 billion, against a net investment of just US$8 billion. This highlights the cost-effectiveness of such strategies and their potential to support China’s sustainable development goals, especially in hunger relief, clean energy, and aquatic ecosystem protection.
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publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
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spelling doaj-art-96e9d96df3aa46acb6388eab2368e9f22025-08-20T03:08:43ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-05-0116111410.1038/s41467-025-60098-5Managing nitrogen to achieve sustainable food-energy-water nexus in ChinaBinhui Chen0Xiuming Zhang1Baojing Gu2State Key Laboratory of Soil Pollution Control and Safety, Zhejiang UniversityInternational Institute for Applied Systems AnalysisState Key Laboratory of Soil Pollution Control and Safety, Zhejiang UniversityAbstract Nitrogen holds a crucial place in sustaining the food-energy-water (FEW) nexus, which underpins human society. Its importance spans food production, energy generation, and water quality preservation. Here we show that comprehensive nitrogen management strategies offer the dual benefits of satisfying China’s food requirements and boosting nitrogen energy production from straw by 1 million tonnes (26%) compared to 2020. Simultaneously, these strategies could lead to a reduction of 8 million tonnes (−31%) in nitrogen fertilizer usage, a decrease of 3.8 million tonnes (−46%) in nitrogen-induced water pollution, and a halving of water consumption in agriculture, all relative to 2020 levels. These transformative changes within the FEW nexus could result in national societal gains of around US$140 billion, against a net investment of just US$8 billion. This highlights the cost-effectiveness of such strategies and their potential to support China’s sustainable development goals, especially in hunger relief, clean energy, and aquatic ecosystem protection.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60098-5
spellingShingle Binhui Chen
Xiuming Zhang
Baojing Gu
Managing nitrogen to achieve sustainable food-energy-water nexus in China
Nature Communications
title Managing nitrogen to achieve sustainable food-energy-water nexus in China
title_full Managing nitrogen to achieve sustainable food-energy-water nexus in China
title_fullStr Managing nitrogen to achieve sustainable food-energy-water nexus in China
title_full_unstemmed Managing nitrogen to achieve sustainable food-energy-water nexus in China
title_short Managing nitrogen to achieve sustainable food-energy-water nexus in China
title_sort managing nitrogen to achieve sustainable food energy water nexus in china
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60098-5
work_keys_str_mv AT binhuichen managingnitrogentoachievesustainablefoodenergywaternexusinchina
AT xiumingzhang managingnitrogentoachievesustainablefoodenergywaternexusinchina
AT baojinggu managingnitrogentoachievesustainablefoodenergywaternexusinchina