Effect of aspirin on small for gestational age neonates in pregnancies at high-risk for preeclampsia: a secondary analysis of a cluster randomised clinical trialResearch in context

Summary: Background: Data on the effect of 100–160 mg/day aspirin prophylaxis on small for gestational age neonates (SGA) in pregnancies at high-risk for preeclampsia (PE) is limited. We aimed to determine the impact of aspirin administration on the incidence of SGA. Methods: This is a secondary an...

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Main Authors: Yunyu Chen, Long Nguyen-Hoang, Linh Thuy Dinh, Duy-Anh Nguyen, Ritsuko K. Pooh, Arihiro Shiozaki, Mingming Zheng, Yali Hu, Runmei Ma, Aditya Kusuma, Tuangsit Wataganara, Mahesh A. Choolani, Mayumi Kaneko, Suchaya Luewan, Tung-Yao Chang, Noppadol Chaiyasit, Tongta Nanthakomon, Yanmin Jiang, Steven W. Shaw, Wing Cheong Leung, Ainaa Syazana Mohamad, Angela Aguilar, So Ling Lau, Nikki M.W. Lee, Jiao Liu, Daljit S. Sahota, Marc K.C. Chong, Ioannis Papastefanou, Liona C. Poon
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:The Lancet Regional Health. Western Pacific
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666606525001191
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Summary:Summary: Background: Data on the effect of 100–160 mg/day aspirin prophylaxis on small for gestational age neonates (SGA) in pregnancies at high-risk for preeclampsia (PE) is limited. We aimed to determine the impact of aspirin administration on the incidence of SGA. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a multicenter stepped wedge cluster-randomized trial included 18 maternity/diagnostic units across ten Asian regions between 1st August 2019 and 28th February 2022. The trial started with a period where all recruiting centers provided routine antenatal care without study-related intervention. At six-week intervals, one cluster was randomized to transition from non-intervention phase to intervention phase. In the intervention phase, women identified as high-risk for preterm-PE received aspirin from <16 weeks until 36 weeks. Primary outcomes of the study were the delivery of an SGA neonate with birthweight <10th, <5th, or <3rd percentile for gestational age, adjusted for maternal weight and height, gravida, parity, ethnicity and newborn sex. The trial was registered with https://www.clinicaltrials.gov (Unique identifier: NCT03941886). Findings: 42,897/48,647 women accepted screening for preterm-PE. 10,294 (26.91%) and 27,965 (73.09%) women were included in the non-intervention and intervention phases, respectively. 2909/4688 (62.05%) high-risk women received aspirin in the trial. Pooling data from the whole trial demonstrated that aspirin was associated with increased rates of early-SGA <10th percentile (Relative risk, RR, 1.37, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.02 to 1.90). In the intervention phase, aspirin was associated with lower rates of SGA neonates with birthweight <3rd, <5th, and <10th percentile, delivered before 32 weeks (early-SGA; RR, 0.39, 95% CI: 0.20 to 0.75, 0.38, 95%CI 0.20 to 0.70, 0.41, 95%CI 0.23 to 0.74 respectively) alongside a concurrent trend indicating an increased rate of late-SGA. Interpretation: Aspirin prophylaxis appears to be associated with a reduction in the rate of early-SGA and a simultaneous increase in the rate of late-SGA neonates born at or after 32 weeks. These findings underscore the importance of implementing the screen-and-prevent program for preterm-PE to reduce early-SGA, and emphasizing the heightened alert in follow-up to optimize the outcomes for late-SGA. Funding: This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (MOST 2021YFC2701604) and a start up grant from the Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong.
ISSN:2666-6065