Neurobiological correlates of personality dimensions in borderline personality disorder using graph analysis of functional connectivity

Abstract Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is is a type B personality disorder primarily characterized by a pattern of unstable interpersonal relationships, a distorted self-concept, and intense emotional reactions, associated with extreme and opposing mental and behavioral states, which coexist...

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Main Authors: Francesca D’Adda, Giovanni Sighinolfi, Micaela Mitolo, Mauro Scala, Lucia Guidi, Lorenzo Motta, Lorenzo Cirignotta, David Neil Manners, Caterina Tonon, Raffaele Lodi, Marco Menchetti
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85989-x
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author Francesca D’Adda
Giovanni Sighinolfi
Micaela Mitolo
Mauro Scala
Lucia Guidi
Lorenzo Motta
Lorenzo Cirignotta
David Neil Manners
Caterina Tonon
Raffaele Lodi
Marco Menchetti
author_facet Francesca D’Adda
Giovanni Sighinolfi
Micaela Mitolo
Mauro Scala
Lucia Guidi
Lorenzo Motta
Lorenzo Cirignotta
David Neil Manners
Caterina Tonon
Raffaele Lodi
Marco Menchetti
author_sort Francesca D’Adda
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is is a type B personality disorder primarily characterized by a pattern of unstable interpersonal relationships, a distorted self-concept, and intense emotional reactions, associated with extreme and opposing mental and behavioral states, which coexist and lead to destructive behaviors such as self-harm, commonly recurring over time.. The Personality Inventory for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), Fifth Edition (PID-5) provides a dimensional assessment of maladaptive domains associated with personality disorders, improving the understanding of their complex clinical presentations. While altered brain functional connectivity (FC) has been reported in BPD, neurobiological-clinical correlations remain debated. This study explores the relationship between the personality dimensions of BPD and resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) FC. Twenty-eight patients with BPD (6M/22F, 23.7 ± 3.4 years) and twenty-eight matched healthy controls (6M/22F, 24.3 ± 2.8 years) underwent a psychiatric assessment, including the PID-5, and an MRI protocol including rs-fMRI. Functional data were analyzed via graph theory to derive network properties at global and nodal levels, which were correlated with the PID-5 subdomains. The results revealed impairments across all personality trait facets. Patients had lower global connectivity and compromised centrality of several limbic structures and frontotemporal regions. Significant correlations were found between separation insecurity and global efficiency (R = 0.60, adjusted-p = 0.035) and between depressivity and the degree of the left middle temporal gyrus (R = 0.69, adjusted-p = 0.023) in females. These findings suggest links between negative affectivity traits, in particular separation insecurity and depressivity, and specific brain network dysfunctions in BPD.
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spelling doaj-art-96ced2006cb64dc9b81cec49ae4c50e82025-08-20T02:17:01ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-85989-xNeurobiological correlates of personality dimensions in borderline personality disorder using graph analysis of functional connectivityFrancesca D’Adda0Giovanni Sighinolfi1Micaela Mitolo2Mauro Scala3Lucia Guidi4Lorenzo Motta5Lorenzo Cirignotta6David Neil Manners7Caterina Tonon8Raffaele Lodi9Marco Menchetti10Department of Mental Health and Pathological Dependencies, Local Health Authority of BolognaIRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di BolognaIRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di BolognaDepartment of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of BolognaIRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di BolognaIRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di BolognaDepartment of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), University of BolognaIRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di BolognaIRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di BolognaIRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di BolognaDepartment of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of BolognaAbstract Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is is a type B personality disorder primarily characterized by a pattern of unstable interpersonal relationships, a distorted self-concept, and intense emotional reactions, associated with extreme and opposing mental and behavioral states, which coexist and lead to destructive behaviors such as self-harm, commonly recurring over time.. The Personality Inventory for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), Fifth Edition (PID-5) provides a dimensional assessment of maladaptive domains associated with personality disorders, improving the understanding of their complex clinical presentations. While altered brain functional connectivity (FC) has been reported in BPD, neurobiological-clinical correlations remain debated. This study explores the relationship between the personality dimensions of BPD and resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) FC. Twenty-eight patients with BPD (6M/22F, 23.7 ± 3.4 years) and twenty-eight matched healthy controls (6M/22F, 24.3 ± 2.8 years) underwent a psychiatric assessment, including the PID-5, and an MRI protocol including rs-fMRI. Functional data were analyzed via graph theory to derive network properties at global and nodal levels, which were correlated with the PID-5 subdomains. The results revealed impairments across all personality trait facets. Patients had lower global connectivity and compromised centrality of several limbic structures and frontotemporal regions. Significant correlations were found between separation insecurity and global efficiency (R = 0.60, adjusted-p = 0.035) and between depressivity and the degree of the left middle temporal gyrus (R = 0.69, adjusted-p = 0.023) in females. These findings suggest links between negative affectivity traits, in particular separation insecurity and depressivity, and specific brain network dysfunctions in BPD.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85989-xBorderline personality disorderPersonality inventory for DSM-5Graph analysisFunctional magnetic resonance imagingFunctional connectivity
spellingShingle Francesca D’Adda
Giovanni Sighinolfi
Micaela Mitolo
Mauro Scala
Lucia Guidi
Lorenzo Motta
Lorenzo Cirignotta
David Neil Manners
Caterina Tonon
Raffaele Lodi
Marco Menchetti
Neurobiological correlates of personality dimensions in borderline personality disorder using graph analysis of functional connectivity
Scientific Reports
Borderline personality disorder
Personality inventory for DSM-5
Graph analysis
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Functional connectivity
title Neurobiological correlates of personality dimensions in borderline personality disorder using graph analysis of functional connectivity
title_full Neurobiological correlates of personality dimensions in borderline personality disorder using graph analysis of functional connectivity
title_fullStr Neurobiological correlates of personality dimensions in borderline personality disorder using graph analysis of functional connectivity
title_full_unstemmed Neurobiological correlates of personality dimensions in borderline personality disorder using graph analysis of functional connectivity
title_short Neurobiological correlates of personality dimensions in borderline personality disorder using graph analysis of functional connectivity
title_sort neurobiological correlates of personality dimensions in borderline personality disorder using graph analysis of functional connectivity
topic Borderline personality disorder
Personality inventory for DSM-5
Graph analysis
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Functional connectivity
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85989-x
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