Evaluating the effects of pharmaceutical pollutants on common carp (Cyprinus carpio): histopathological and antioxidant responses
IntroductionThe release of pharmaceutical chemicals into aquatic environments has emerged as a significant ecological concern, originating from agricultural runoff, sewage effluents, and improper disposal of medications.MethodsThis study investigates the impacts of four common pharmaceuticals (broma...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-04-01
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| author | Walaa M. Shaalan Walaa M. Shaalan Shaimaa K. A. Idriss Jae-Seong Lee Nadia H. Mohamed Alaa El-Din H. Sayed Alaa El-Din H. Sayed |
| author_facet | Walaa M. Shaalan Walaa M. Shaalan Shaimaa K. A. Idriss Jae-Seong Lee Nadia H. Mohamed Alaa El-Din H. Sayed Alaa El-Din H. Sayed |
| author_sort | Walaa M. Shaalan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionThe release of pharmaceutical chemicals into aquatic environments has emerged as a significant ecological concern, originating from agricultural runoff, sewage effluents, and improper disposal of medications.MethodsThis study investigates the impacts of four common pharmaceuticals (bromazepam, naproxen, metoprolol, and sotalol) on common carp (Cyprinus carpio), a vital bioindicator species. We evaluated neurological, immunological, and histopathological responses in carp exposed to these pharmaceuticals over 15 days.ResultsNeurological assessments showed significant reductions in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) activities, and nitric oxide (NO) levels, indicating potential disruptions in neurotransmission and enzyme function. Immunological analysis revealed elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), suggesting an inflammatory response. Histopathological examinations identified tissue alterations in the liver, kidney which correlated with the observed biochemical and immune responses.DiscussionThese findings highlight the adverse effects of pharmaceutical contaminants on aquatic species, emphasizing the necessity for comprehensive environmental risk assessments and strategies to mitigate their impact. This study enhances the understanding of pharmaceutical pollutants’ ecological effects, informing policy and conservation efforts to protect aquatic ecosystems. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-96c62e32cf404fd289610a06fc312bca |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-96c62e32cf404fd289610a06fc312bca2025-08-20T02:19:37ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2025-04-011610.3389/fphys.2025.15576471557647Evaluating the effects of pharmaceutical pollutants on common carp (Cyprinus carpio): histopathological and antioxidant responsesWalaa M. Shaalan0Walaa M. Shaalan1Shaimaa K. A. Idriss2Jae-Seong Lee3Nadia H. Mohamed4Alaa El-Din H. Sayed5Alaa El-Din H. Sayed6Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, EgyptBioinformatics Group, Faculty for Biology and Biotechnology and Center for Protein Diagnostics, Ruhr-University, Bochum, GermanyDepartment of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptMolecular Biology Research and Studies Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptIntroductionThe release of pharmaceutical chemicals into aquatic environments has emerged as a significant ecological concern, originating from agricultural runoff, sewage effluents, and improper disposal of medications.MethodsThis study investigates the impacts of four common pharmaceuticals (bromazepam, naproxen, metoprolol, and sotalol) on common carp (Cyprinus carpio), a vital bioindicator species. We evaluated neurological, immunological, and histopathological responses in carp exposed to these pharmaceuticals over 15 days.ResultsNeurological assessments showed significant reductions in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) activities, and nitric oxide (NO) levels, indicating potential disruptions in neurotransmission and enzyme function. Immunological analysis revealed elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), suggesting an inflammatory response. Histopathological examinations identified tissue alterations in the liver, kidney which correlated with the observed biochemical and immune responses.DiscussionThese findings highlight the adverse effects of pharmaceutical contaminants on aquatic species, emphasizing the necessity for comprehensive environmental risk assessments and strategies to mitigate their impact. This study enhances the understanding of pharmaceutical pollutants’ ecological effects, informing policy and conservation efforts to protect aquatic ecosystems.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2025.1557647/fullpharmaceutical pollutantsaquatic ecosystemsCyprinus carpioneurological effectsimmunological response |
| spellingShingle | Walaa M. Shaalan Walaa M. Shaalan Shaimaa K. A. Idriss Jae-Seong Lee Nadia H. Mohamed Alaa El-Din H. Sayed Alaa El-Din H. Sayed Evaluating the effects of pharmaceutical pollutants on common carp (Cyprinus carpio): histopathological and antioxidant responses Frontiers in Physiology pharmaceutical pollutants aquatic ecosystems Cyprinus carpio neurological effects immunological response |
| title | Evaluating the effects of pharmaceutical pollutants on common carp (Cyprinus carpio): histopathological and antioxidant responses |
| title_full | Evaluating the effects of pharmaceutical pollutants on common carp (Cyprinus carpio): histopathological and antioxidant responses |
| title_fullStr | Evaluating the effects of pharmaceutical pollutants on common carp (Cyprinus carpio): histopathological and antioxidant responses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluating the effects of pharmaceutical pollutants on common carp (Cyprinus carpio): histopathological and antioxidant responses |
| title_short | Evaluating the effects of pharmaceutical pollutants on common carp (Cyprinus carpio): histopathological and antioxidant responses |
| title_sort | evaluating the effects of pharmaceutical pollutants on common carp cyprinus carpio histopathological and antioxidant responses |
| topic | pharmaceutical pollutants aquatic ecosystems Cyprinus carpio neurological effects immunological response |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2025.1557647/full |
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