The Number and Size of Invasion Areas in Mixed-Type Carcinoma in Female Dogs Are Associated with Regional Metastases
Mixed-type carcinoma (MTC) accounts for 44% of mammary neoplasms in bitches and poses challenges in histological grading due to the heterogeneity of invasive areas. The present study aimed to measure and characterize invasive areas in the stroma of MTC and investigate the association of those parame...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Veterinary Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/4/318 |
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| author | Fernanda Freitas Miranda Ana Paula Vargas Garcia Marina Possa dos Reys Erica Almeida Viscone Mayra Cunha Flecher Michele Angela Rodrigues Geovanni Dantas Cassali |
| author_facet | Fernanda Freitas Miranda Ana Paula Vargas Garcia Marina Possa dos Reys Erica Almeida Viscone Mayra Cunha Flecher Michele Angela Rodrigues Geovanni Dantas Cassali |
| author_sort | Fernanda Freitas Miranda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mixed-type carcinoma (MTC) accounts for 44% of mammary neoplasms in bitches and poses challenges in histological grading due to the heterogeneity of invasive areas. The present study aimed to measure and characterize invasive areas in the stroma of MTC and investigate the association of those parameters with lymph node status and survival. Forty cases were analyzed and divided into two groups: with metastasis and without metastasis. The size, perimeter, length, and number of invasive carcinomatous areas were measured. Cases with metastasis showed a higher number of foci (<i>p</i> = 0.003) and larger invasive areas (<i>p</i> = 0.006) compared to cases without metastasis. Bitches with invasive areas larger than 2 mm<sup>2</sup> had shorter survival times. No association was found between the perimeter or length of invasive areas, the expression of Ki67, ER, PR, COX-2, HER-2, and the immunophenotype. Thus, the number and size of invasive areas are associated with regional lymph node status, suggesting histomorphometry may serve as a valuable tool for evaluating the biological behavior of mixed-type carcinoma. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-96c1d36d696a453ea34ec10933503c7c |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2306-7381 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-96c1d36d696a453ea34ec10933503c7c2025-08-20T02:18:11ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812025-03-0112431810.3390/vetsci12040318The Number and Size of Invasion Areas in Mixed-Type Carcinoma in Female Dogs Are Associated with Regional MetastasesFernanda Freitas Miranda0Ana Paula Vargas Garcia1Marina Possa dos Reys2Erica Almeida Viscone3Mayra Cunha Flecher4Michele Angela Rodrigues5Geovanni Dantas Cassali6Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, BrazilDepartment of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, BrazilDepartment of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, BrazilVeterinary Diagnostic Center, Celulavet, Belo Horizonte 31365-000, MG, BrazilDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Vila Velha, Vila Velha 45570-000, ES, BrazilDepartment of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, BrazilDepartment of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, BrazilMixed-type carcinoma (MTC) accounts for 44% of mammary neoplasms in bitches and poses challenges in histological grading due to the heterogeneity of invasive areas. The present study aimed to measure and characterize invasive areas in the stroma of MTC and investigate the association of those parameters with lymph node status and survival. Forty cases were analyzed and divided into two groups: with metastasis and without metastasis. The size, perimeter, length, and number of invasive carcinomatous areas were measured. Cases with metastasis showed a higher number of foci (<i>p</i> = 0.003) and larger invasive areas (<i>p</i> = 0.006) compared to cases without metastasis. Bitches with invasive areas larger than 2 mm<sup>2</sup> had shorter survival times. No association was found between the perimeter or length of invasive areas, the expression of Ki67, ER, PR, COX-2, HER-2, and the immunophenotype. Thus, the number and size of invasive areas are associated with regional lymph node status, suggesting histomorphometry may serve as a valuable tool for evaluating the biological behavior of mixed-type carcinoma.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/4/318mammary glandtumor invasionlymph nodemetastasistumoral stroma |
| spellingShingle | Fernanda Freitas Miranda Ana Paula Vargas Garcia Marina Possa dos Reys Erica Almeida Viscone Mayra Cunha Flecher Michele Angela Rodrigues Geovanni Dantas Cassali The Number and Size of Invasion Areas in Mixed-Type Carcinoma in Female Dogs Are Associated with Regional Metastases Veterinary Sciences mammary gland tumor invasion lymph node metastasis tumoral stroma |
| title | The Number and Size of Invasion Areas in Mixed-Type Carcinoma in Female Dogs Are Associated with Regional Metastases |
| title_full | The Number and Size of Invasion Areas in Mixed-Type Carcinoma in Female Dogs Are Associated with Regional Metastases |
| title_fullStr | The Number and Size of Invasion Areas in Mixed-Type Carcinoma in Female Dogs Are Associated with Regional Metastases |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Number and Size of Invasion Areas in Mixed-Type Carcinoma in Female Dogs Are Associated with Regional Metastases |
| title_short | The Number and Size of Invasion Areas in Mixed-Type Carcinoma in Female Dogs Are Associated with Regional Metastases |
| title_sort | number and size of invasion areas in mixed type carcinoma in female dogs are associated with regional metastases |
| topic | mammary gland tumor invasion lymph node metastasis tumoral stroma |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/4/318 |
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