Modeling and Analysis of the Transverse Surface Roughness in Hollow-Core Fibers

The corrugation of the interfaces of the cross-section of hollow core fibers based on the inhibited coupling waveguiding mechanism is modeled and the impact on propagation loss analyzed. The proposed model is based on a combined use of coupled-mode theory and Azimuthal Fourier Decomposition. It show...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Federico Melli, Kostiantyn Vasko, Lorenzo Rosa, Fetah Benabid, Luca Vincetti
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Fibers
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6439/13/4/36
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850144450356969472
author Federico Melli
Kostiantyn Vasko
Lorenzo Rosa
Fetah Benabid
Luca Vincetti
author_facet Federico Melli
Kostiantyn Vasko
Lorenzo Rosa
Fetah Benabid
Luca Vincetti
author_sort Federico Melli
collection DOAJ
description The corrugation of the interfaces of the cross-section of hollow core fibers based on the inhibited coupling waveguiding mechanism is modeled and the impact on propagation loss analyzed. The proposed model is based on a combined use of coupled-mode theory and Azimuthal Fourier Decomposition. It shows that such transverse roughness causes coupling between the core modes and the dielectric modes of the cladding and consequently an increase of the fiber loss. The model is validated by comparing theoretical and numerical results obtained by applying both deterministic and stochastic corrugations to tubular lattice and nested fibers. Scaling laws and impact of the fibers’ parameters are discussed. The model shows that the loss increase is not directly correlated to the root mean square of the stochastic roughness but only to the value of the power spectral density in specific spatial frequency ranges. In particular, the spectral components characterized by a periodicity lower than <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> of the tube circumference must have a power spectral density value lower than 0.2 nm<sup>2</sup> to ensure a negligible effect of the transverse roughness on fibers with losses lower than 0.1 dB/Km.
format Article
id doaj-art-96bf9e96f1d249ffb99bf5fa02e920b5
institution OA Journals
issn 2079-6439
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Fibers
spelling doaj-art-96bf9e96f1d249ffb99bf5fa02e920b52025-08-20T02:28:22ZengMDPI AGFibers2079-64392025-03-011343610.3390/fib13040036Modeling and Analysis of the Transverse Surface Roughness in Hollow-Core FibersFederico Melli0Kostiantyn Vasko1Lorenzo Rosa2Fetah Benabid3Luca Vincetti4Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, ItalyGPPMM Group, XLIM Resaerch Institute, CNRS UMR 7252, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, FranceDepartment of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, ItalyGPPMM Group, XLIM Resaerch Institute, CNRS UMR 7252, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, FranceDepartment of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, ItalyThe corrugation of the interfaces of the cross-section of hollow core fibers based on the inhibited coupling waveguiding mechanism is modeled and the impact on propagation loss analyzed. The proposed model is based on a combined use of coupled-mode theory and Azimuthal Fourier Decomposition. It shows that such transverse roughness causes coupling between the core modes and the dielectric modes of the cladding and consequently an increase of the fiber loss. The model is validated by comparing theoretical and numerical results obtained by applying both deterministic and stochastic corrugations to tubular lattice and nested fibers. Scaling laws and impact of the fibers’ parameters are discussed. The model shows that the loss increase is not directly correlated to the root mean square of the stochastic roughness but only to the value of the power spectral density in specific spatial frequency ranges. In particular, the spectral components characterized by a periodicity lower than <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> of the tube circumference must have a power spectral density value lower than 0.2 nm<sup>2</sup> to ensure a negligible effect of the transverse roughness on fibers with losses lower than 0.1 dB/Km.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6439/13/4/36optical fibershollow-core fibersinhibited coupling fibersfiber propertieslossroughness
spellingShingle Federico Melli
Kostiantyn Vasko
Lorenzo Rosa
Fetah Benabid
Luca Vincetti
Modeling and Analysis of the Transverse Surface Roughness in Hollow-Core Fibers
Fibers
optical fibers
hollow-core fibers
inhibited coupling fibers
fiber properties
loss
roughness
title Modeling and Analysis of the Transverse Surface Roughness in Hollow-Core Fibers
title_full Modeling and Analysis of the Transverse Surface Roughness in Hollow-Core Fibers
title_fullStr Modeling and Analysis of the Transverse Surface Roughness in Hollow-Core Fibers
title_full_unstemmed Modeling and Analysis of the Transverse Surface Roughness in Hollow-Core Fibers
title_short Modeling and Analysis of the Transverse Surface Roughness in Hollow-Core Fibers
title_sort modeling and analysis of the transverse surface roughness in hollow core fibers
topic optical fibers
hollow-core fibers
inhibited coupling fibers
fiber properties
loss
roughness
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6439/13/4/36
work_keys_str_mv AT federicomelli modelingandanalysisofthetransversesurfaceroughnessinhollowcorefibers
AT kostiantynvasko modelingandanalysisofthetransversesurfaceroughnessinhollowcorefibers
AT lorenzorosa modelingandanalysisofthetransversesurfaceroughnessinhollowcorefibers
AT fetahbenabid modelingandanalysisofthetransversesurfaceroughnessinhollowcorefibers
AT lucavincetti modelingandanalysisofthetransversesurfaceroughnessinhollowcorefibers