A Rapid Population Assessment Method for Wild Pigs Using Baited Cameras at 3 Study Sites

ABSTRACT Reliable and efficient population estimates are a critical need for effective management of invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa). We evaluated the use of 10‐day camera grids for rapid population assessment (RPA) of wild pigs at 3 study sites that varied in vegetation communities and wild pig den...

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Main Authors: Peter E. Schlichting, James C. Beasley, Raoul K. Boughton, Amy J. Davis, Kim M. Pepin, Michael P. Glow, Nathan P. Snow, Ryan S. Miller, Kurt C. VerCauteren, Jesse S. Lewis
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2020-06-01
Series:Wildlife Society Bulletin
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1075
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author Peter E. Schlichting
James C. Beasley
Raoul K. Boughton
Amy J. Davis
Kim M. Pepin
Michael P. Glow
Nathan P. Snow
Ryan S. Miller
Kurt C. VerCauteren
Jesse S. Lewis
author_facet Peter E. Schlichting
James C. Beasley
Raoul K. Boughton
Amy J. Davis
Kim M. Pepin
Michael P. Glow
Nathan P. Snow
Ryan S. Miller
Kurt C. VerCauteren
Jesse S. Lewis
author_sort Peter E. Schlichting
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Reliable and efficient population estimates are a critical need for effective management of invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa). We evaluated the use of 10‐day camera grids for rapid population assessment (RPA) of wild pigs at 3 study sites that varied in vegetation communities and wild pig densities. Study areas included Buck Island Ranch, Florida; Tejon Ranch, California; and the Savannah River Site, South Carolina, USA, during 2016–2018. Rapid population assessments grids were composed of baited camera traps spaced approximately 500 or 750 m apart. Two RPA grids were deployed per study site and each grid was deployed twice (4–6 months apart) to assess changes in response to season or population control efforts. We assessed the ability of RPA grids to track population trends, how camera number influenced estimate precision, and how relative abundance indices related to density estimates. We detected changes in occupancy probability, detection probability, and N‐mixture estimates following removal operations and between seasons, but the ability of RPA grids to track population trends was dependent on the statistical method used and number of cameras traps. Increasing the number of cameras traps used in RPA grids increased precision, and these results can be used in determining survey design and estimate choice. We found that estimates of occupancy probability, detection probability, and N‐mixture estimates were positively correlated with spatially explicit capture–recapture density estimates. Thus, these less labor‐intensive estimates from RPA grids showed potential to index the relative abundance of wild pigs in some systems. Our evaluation of RPAs indicates that using study‐specific combinations of statistical method and number of cameras can provide a useful tool for monitoring wild pig presence, tracking population trends, and evaluating the effectiveness of management actions. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
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spelling doaj-art-96b110b2f1e04f9f9fbb24400e2944962025-08-20T01:56:55ZengWileyWildlife Society Bulletin2328-55402020-06-0144237238210.1002/wsb.1075A Rapid Population Assessment Method for Wild Pigs Using Baited Cameras at 3 Study SitesPeter E. Schlichting0James C. Beasley1Raoul K. Boughton2Amy J. Davis3Kim M. Pepin4Michael P. Glow5Nathan P. Snow6Ryan S. Miller7Kurt C. VerCauteren8Jesse S. Lewis9College of Integrative Sciences and Arts Arizona State University Polytechnic Campus, 6073 S Backus Mall Mesa AZ 85212 USASavannah River Ecology Laboratory, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia P.O. Drawer E Aiken SC 29802 USAUniversity of Florida, Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Wildlife Ecology and Conservation 3401 Experiment Station Ona FL 33865 USAUnited States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center 4101 LaPorte Avenue Fort Collins CO 80521‐2154 USAUnited States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center 4101 LaPorte Avenue Fort Collins CO 80521‐2154 USAUnited States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center 4101 LaPorte Avenue Fort Collins CO 80521‐2154 USAUnited States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center 4101 LaPorte Avenue Fort Collins CO 80521‐2154 USAUnited States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health 2150B Center Avenue Fort Collins CO 80526 USAUnited States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center 4101 LaPorte Avenue Fort Collins CO 80521‐2154 USACollege of Integrative Sciences and Arts, Arizona State University Polytechnic Campus, 6073 S Backus Mall Mesa AZ 85212 USAABSTRACT Reliable and efficient population estimates are a critical need for effective management of invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa). We evaluated the use of 10‐day camera grids for rapid population assessment (RPA) of wild pigs at 3 study sites that varied in vegetation communities and wild pig densities. Study areas included Buck Island Ranch, Florida; Tejon Ranch, California; and the Savannah River Site, South Carolina, USA, during 2016–2018. Rapid population assessments grids were composed of baited camera traps spaced approximately 500 or 750 m apart. Two RPA grids were deployed per study site and each grid was deployed twice (4–6 months apart) to assess changes in response to season or population control efforts. We assessed the ability of RPA grids to track population trends, how camera number influenced estimate precision, and how relative abundance indices related to density estimates. We detected changes in occupancy probability, detection probability, and N‐mixture estimates following removal operations and between seasons, but the ability of RPA grids to track population trends was dependent on the statistical method used and number of cameras traps. Increasing the number of cameras traps used in RPA grids increased precision, and these results can be used in determining survey design and estimate choice. We found that estimates of occupancy probability, detection probability, and N‐mixture estimates were positively correlated with spatially explicit capture–recapture density estimates. Thus, these less labor‐intensive estimates from RPA grids showed potential to index the relative abundance of wild pigs in some systems. Our evaluation of RPAs indicates that using study‐specific combinations of statistical method and number of cameras can provide a useful tool for monitoring wild pig presence, tracking population trends, and evaluating the effectiveness of management actions. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1075baitingcamera‐trappingferal swinerapid population assessmentsRPA gridSus scrofa
spellingShingle Peter E. Schlichting
James C. Beasley
Raoul K. Boughton
Amy J. Davis
Kim M. Pepin
Michael P. Glow
Nathan P. Snow
Ryan S. Miller
Kurt C. VerCauteren
Jesse S. Lewis
A Rapid Population Assessment Method for Wild Pigs Using Baited Cameras at 3 Study Sites
Wildlife Society Bulletin
baiting
camera‐trapping
feral swine
rapid population assessments
RPA grid
Sus scrofa
title A Rapid Population Assessment Method for Wild Pigs Using Baited Cameras at 3 Study Sites
title_full A Rapid Population Assessment Method for Wild Pigs Using Baited Cameras at 3 Study Sites
title_fullStr A Rapid Population Assessment Method for Wild Pigs Using Baited Cameras at 3 Study Sites
title_full_unstemmed A Rapid Population Assessment Method for Wild Pigs Using Baited Cameras at 3 Study Sites
title_short A Rapid Population Assessment Method for Wild Pigs Using Baited Cameras at 3 Study Sites
title_sort rapid population assessment method for wild pigs using baited cameras at 3 study sites
topic baiting
camera‐trapping
feral swine
rapid population assessments
RPA grid
Sus scrofa
url https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1075
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