The Impact of Dietary Encapsulated Fennel Seed (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) Essential Oil Inclusion Levels on Performance, Serum Hormone Profiles, and Expression of Reproductive Axis‐Related Genes in the Early and Late Laying Phases of Hens
ABSTRACT Fennel seed (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) essential oil (FEO), which is rich in the phytoestrogenic compound trans‐anethole, interacts with oestrogen receptors and influences molecular targets within cells and hormonal responses. This study examined the effect of dietary encapsulated FEO inclu...
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Wiley
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Veterinary Medicine and Science |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.70150 |
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| author | Hasan Hüseyin İpçak Muzaffer Denli Beran Yokuş Servet Bademkıran |
| author_facet | Hasan Hüseyin İpçak Muzaffer Denli Beran Yokuş Servet Bademkıran |
| author_sort | Hasan Hüseyin İpçak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT Fennel seed (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) essential oil (FEO), which is rich in the phytoestrogenic compound trans‐anethole, interacts with oestrogen receptors and influences molecular targets within cells and hormonal responses. This study examined the effect of dietary encapsulated FEO inclusion levels on performance, reproductive hormone profiles, and gene expression in laying hens during the early and late phases. The study was conducted in two independent trials, each involving 210 Atak‐S laying hens that were randomly distributed into 3 experimental groups, each having 10 replicates with 7 hens. The dietary treatments included a basal diet without FEO (Control) and a basal diet supplemented with 175 (FEO175) or 350 mg (FEO350) of encapsulated FEO/kg for 12 weeks. The results showed that FEO350 treatment improved egg production, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio during both early and late phases (p < 0.05). Moreover, increasing FEO inclusion levels enhanced oestradiol, follicle‐stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and progesterone concentrations in both early and late laying hens, reaching peak levels at FEO350 (p < 0.05). FEO supplementation upregulated the expression of oestrogen receptor 2 (ESR2) and follicle‐stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, FEO350 increased prolactin receptor (PRLR) expression during the early phase but decreased it during the late laying phase (p < 0.05). Positive correlations were observed between egg production and FSHR, ESR2 and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR) expression, with a negative correlation for PRLR (p < 0.05). In conclusion, 350 mg FEO/kg was found to be the most effective level for enhancing layer performance. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-969f321ae61c4e0d87d87df2ece3f255 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2053-1095 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary Medicine and Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-969f321ae61c4e0d87d87df2ece3f2552025-08-20T03:40:17ZengWileyVeterinary Medicine and Science2053-10952025-01-01111n/an/a10.1002/vms3.70150The Impact of Dietary Encapsulated Fennel Seed (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) Essential Oil Inclusion Levels on Performance, Serum Hormone Profiles, and Expression of Reproductive Axis‐Related Genes in the Early and Late Laying Phases of HensHasan Hüseyin İpçak0Muzaffer Denli1Beran Yokuş2Servet Bademkıran3Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture Dicle University Diyarbakır TurkeyDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture Dicle University Diyarbakır TurkeyDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Dicle University Diyarbakır TurkeyDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Dicle University Diyarbakir TurkeyABSTRACT Fennel seed (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) essential oil (FEO), which is rich in the phytoestrogenic compound trans‐anethole, interacts with oestrogen receptors and influences molecular targets within cells and hormonal responses. This study examined the effect of dietary encapsulated FEO inclusion levels on performance, reproductive hormone profiles, and gene expression in laying hens during the early and late phases. The study was conducted in two independent trials, each involving 210 Atak‐S laying hens that were randomly distributed into 3 experimental groups, each having 10 replicates with 7 hens. The dietary treatments included a basal diet without FEO (Control) and a basal diet supplemented with 175 (FEO175) or 350 mg (FEO350) of encapsulated FEO/kg for 12 weeks. The results showed that FEO350 treatment improved egg production, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio during both early and late phases (p < 0.05). Moreover, increasing FEO inclusion levels enhanced oestradiol, follicle‐stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and progesterone concentrations in both early and late laying hens, reaching peak levels at FEO350 (p < 0.05). FEO supplementation upregulated the expression of oestrogen receptor 2 (ESR2) and follicle‐stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, FEO350 increased prolactin receptor (PRLR) expression during the early phase but decreased it during the late laying phase (p < 0.05). Positive correlations were observed between egg production and FSHR, ESR2 and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR) expression, with a negative correlation for PRLR (p < 0.05). In conclusion, 350 mg FEO/kg was found to be the most effective level for enhancing layer performance.https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.70150fennel oilgene expressionhormonelaying henperformancereproductive |
| spellingShingle | Hasan Hüseyin İpçak Muzaffer Denli Beran Yokuş Servet Bademkıran The Impact of Dietary Encapsulated Fennel Seed (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) Essential Oil Inclusion Levels on Performance, Serum Hormone Profiles, and Expression of Reproductive Axis‐Related Genes in the Early and Late Laying Phases of Hens Veterinary Medicine and Science fennel oil gene expression hormone laying hen performance reproductive |
| title | The Impact of Dietary Encapsulated Fennel Seed (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) Essential Oil Inclusion Levels on Performance, Serum Hormone Profiles, and Expression of Reproductive Axis‐Related Genes in the Early and Late Laying Phases of Hens |
| title_full | The Impact of Dietary Encapsulated Fennel Seed (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) Essential Oil Inclusion Levels on Performance, Serum Hormone Profiles, and Expression of Reproductive Axis‐Related Genes in the Early and Late Laying Phases of Hens |
| title_fullStr | The Impact of Dietary Encapsulated Fennel Seed (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) Essential Oil Inclusion Levels on Performance, Serum Hormone Profiles, and Expression of Reproductive Axis‐Related Genes in the Early and Late Laying Phases of Hens |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Impact of Dietary Encapsulated Fennel Seed (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) Essential Oil Inclusion Levels on Performance, Serum Hormone Profiles, and Expression of Reproductive Axis‐Related Genes in the Early and Late Laying Phases of Hens |
| title_short | The Impact of Dietary Encapsulated Fennel Seed (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) Essential Oil Inclusion Levels on Performance, Serum Hormone Profiles, and Expression of Reproductive Axis‐Related Genes in the Early and Late Laying Phases of Hens |
| title_sort | impact of dietary encapsulated fennel seed foeniculum vulgare mill essential oil inclusion levels on performance serum hormone profiles and expression of reproductive axis related genes in the early and late laying phases of hens |
| topic | fennel oil gene expression hormone laying hen performance reproductive |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.70150 |
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