Correlations in Magnetic Sub‐Domains as an Unconventional Phase Diagram for van der Waals Ferromagnets

Abstract Traditional magnetic phase diagram represents a transition between the ferromagnetic and paramagnetic states of a material under the influence of varied temperature, magnetic field, and pressure. So far, the ferromagnetic phase has been considered predominantly as a single type of magnetiza...

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Main Authors: Sergey Y. Grebenchuk, Magdalena Grzeszczyk, Zhaolong Chen, Makars Šiškins, Vladislav Borisov, Manuel Pereiro, Mikhail I. Katsnelson, Olle Eriksson, Kostya S. Novoselov, Maciej Koperski
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-07-01
Series:Advanced Science
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202500562
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author Sergey Y. Grebenchuk
Magdalena Grzeszczyk
Zhaolong Chen
Makars Šiškins
Vladislav Borisov
Manuel Pereiro
Mikhail I. Katsnelson
Olle Eriksson
Kostya S. Novoselov
Maciej Koperski
author_facet Sergey Y. Grebenchuk
Magdalena Grzeszczyk
Zhaolong Chen
Makars Šiškins
Vladislav Borisov
Manuel Pereiro
Mikhail I. Katsnelson
Olle Eriksson
Kostya S. Novoselov
Maciej Koperski
author_sort Sergey Y. Grebenchuk
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Traditional magnetic phase diagram represents a transition between the ferromagnetic and paramagnetic states of a material under the influence of varied temperature, magnetic field, and pressure. So far, the ferromagnetic phase has been considered predominantly as a single type of magnetization texture extending macroscopically in the bulk of a crystal, existing as a ground state determined by the interactions between localized magnetic moments arranged in a lattice. Here, it is demonstrated that an unconventional magnetic order composed of vertically correlated planar magnetic sub‐domains occurs intrinsically in mechanically exfoliated layers of van der Waals ferromagnet CrBr3. Based on the visualization of the magnetic textures through magnetic force microscopy in conjunction with the ab initio calculations of the crystal structure in the magnetic phase and micromagnetic simulations, the origin of the magnetic sub‐domains is attributed to stacking faults isolating a van der Waals ferromagnetic well from the bulk film due to modifications in the interlayer exchange coupling. This enables to create a phase diagram describing the magnetic states unique to van der Waals ferromagnets in terms of the degree of correlation between the magnetic sub‐domains, dependent on the exchange coupling constants and tuneable by magnetic field and temperature.
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spelling doaj-art-968f52d9e429470c939bdd8556645cdd2025-08-20T03:04:57ZengWileyAdvanced Science2198-38442025-07-011226n/an/a10.1002/advs.202500562Correlations in Magnetic Sub‐Domains as an Unconventional Phase Diagram for van der Waals FerromagnetsSergey Y. Grebenchuk0Magdalena Grzeszczyk1Zhaolong Chen2Makars Šiškins3Vladislav Borisov4Manuel Pereiro5Mikhail I. Katsnelson6Olle Eriksson7Kostya S. Novoselov8Maciej Koperski9Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials National University of Singapore Singapore 117544 SingaporeInstitute for Functional Intelligent Materials National University of Singapore Singapore 117544 SingaporeInstitute for Functional Intelligent Materials National University of Singapore Singapore 117544 SingaporeInstitute for Functional Intelligent Materials National University of Singapore Singapore 117544 SingaporeDepartment of Physics and Astronomy Uppsala University Box 516 Uppsala SE‐75120 SwedenDepartment of Physics and Astronomy Uppsala University Box 516 Uppsala SE‐75120 SwedenInstitute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 Nijmegen NL‐6525 AJ NetherlandsDepartment of Physics and Astronomy Uppsala University Box 516 Uppsala SE‐75120 SwedenInstitute for Functional Intelligent Materials National University of Singapore Singapore 117544 SingaporeInstitute for Functional Intelligent Materials National University of Singapore Singapore 117544 SingaporeAbstract Traditional magnetic phase diagram represents a transition between the ferromagnetic and paramagnetic states of a material under the influence of varied temperature, magnetic field, and pressure. So far, the ferromagnetic phase has been considered predominantly as a single type of magnetization texture extending macroscopically in the bulk of a crystal, existing as a ground state determined by the interactions between localized magnetic moments arranged in a lattice. Here, it is demonstrated that an unconventional magnetic order composed of vertically correlated planar magnetic sub‐domains occurs intrinsically in mechanically exfoliated layers of van der Waals ferromagnet CrBr3. Based on the visualization of the magnetic textures through magnetic force microscopy in conjunction with the ab initio calculations of the crystal structure in the magnetic phase and micromagnetic simulations, the origin of the magnetic sub‐domains is attributed to stacking faults isolating a van der Waals ferromagnetic well from the bulk film due to modifications in the interlayer exchange coupling. This enables to create a phase diagram describing the magnetic states unique to van der Waals ferromagnets in terms of the degree of correlation between the magnetic sub‐domains, dependent on the exchange coupling constants and tuneable by magnetic field and temperature.https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.2025005622D magnetscorrelationsferromagnetismphase diagram
spellingShingle Sergey Y. Grebenchuk
Magdalena Grzeszczyk
Zhaolong Chen
Makars Šiškins
Vladislav Borisov
Manuel Pereiro
Mikhail I. Katsnelson
Olle Eriksson
Kostya S. Novoselov
Maciej Koperski
Correlations in Magnetic Sub‐Domains as an Unconventional Phase Diagram for van der Waals Ferromagnets
Advanced Science
2D magnets
correlations
ferromagnetism
phase diagram
title Correlations in Magnetic Sub‐Domains as an Unconventional Phase Diagram for van der Waals Ferromagnets
title_full Correlations in Magnetic Sub‐Domains as an Unconventional Phase Diagram for van der Waals Ferromagnets
title_fullStr Correlations in Magnetic Sub‐Domains as an Unconventional Phase Diagram for van der Waals Ferromagnets
title_full_unstemmed Correlations in Magnetic Sub‐Domains as an Unconventional Phase Diagram for van der Waals Ferromagnets
title_short Correlations in Magnetic Sub‐Domains as an Unconventional Phase Diagram for van der Waals Ferromagnets
title_sort correlations in magnetic sub domains as an unconventional phase diagram for van der waals ferromagnets
topic 2D magnets
correlations
ferromagnetism
phase diagram
url https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202500562
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