Synthesis and Characterization of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotubes for High-Performance Gas Sensor Applications

In this study, we investigated the fabrication, properties, and sensing applications of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanotubes. A pure titanium metal sheet was used to demonstrate how titanium dioxide nanotubes can be used for gas-sensing applications through the electrochemical anodization method. S...

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Main Authors: Belgacem Bouktif, Marzaini Rashid, Anouar Hajjaji, Karim Choubani, Nashmi H. Alrasheedi, Borhen Louhichi, Wissem Dimassi, Mohamed Ben Rabha
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Crystals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/14/11/928
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author Belgacem Bouktif
Marzaini Rashid
Anouar Hajjaji
Karim Choubani
Nashmi H. Alrasheedi
Borhen Louhichi
Wissem Dimassi
Mohamed Ben Rabha
author_facet Belgacem Bouktif
Marzaini Rashid
Anouar Hajjaji
Karim Choubani
Nashmi H. Alrasheedi
Borhen Louhichi
Wissem Dimassi
Mohamed Ben Rabha
author_sort Belgacem Bouktif
collection DOAJ
description In this study, we investigated the fabrication, properties, and sensing applications of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanotubes. A pure titanium metal sheet was used to demonstrate how titanium dioxide nanotubes can be used for gas-sensing applications through the electrochemical anodization method. Subsequently, X-ray diffraction indicated the crystallization of the titanium dioxide layer. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy then revealed the average diameter of the TiO<sub>2</sub> nanotubes to be approximately 100 nm, with tube lengths ranging between 3 and 9 µm and the thickness of the nanotube walls being about 25 nm. This type of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanotube was found to be suitable for NO<sub>2</sub> gas sensor applications. With an oxidation time of 15 min, its detection of NO<sub>2</sub> gas showed a good result at 250 °C, especially when exposed to a NO<sub>2</sub> gas flow of 100 ppm, where a maximum NO<sub>2</sub> gas response of 96% was obtained. The NO<sub>2</sub> sensors based on the TiO<sub>2</sub> nanotube arrays all exhibited a high level of stability, good reproducibility, and high sensitivity.
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spelling doaj-art-968ef3bef82a478ba5200535fc57cec32025-08-20T02:08:09ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522024-10-01141192810.3390/cryst14110928Synthesis and Characterization of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotubes for High-Performance Gas Sensor ApplicationsBelgacem Bouktif0Marzaini Rashid1Anouar Hajjaji2Karim Choubani3Nashmi H. Alrasheedi4Borhen Louhichi5Wissem Dimassi6Mohamed Ben Rabha7School of Physics, University Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, MalaysiaSchool of Physics, University Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, MalaysiaLPV, Centre de Recherches et des Technologies de l’Énergie, Technopôle de Borj-Cédria, BP 95 Hammam-Lif, Tunis 2050, TunisiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11432, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11432, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11432, Saudi ArabiaLANSER, Centre de Recherches et des Technologies de l’Énergie, Technopôle de Borj-Cédria, BP 95 Hammam-Lif, Tunis 2050, TunisiaLANSER, Centre de Recherches et des Technologies de l’Énergie, Technopôle de Borj-Cédria, BP 95 Hammam-Lif, Tunis 2050, TunisiaIn this study, we investigated the fabrication, properties, and sensing applications of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanotubes. A pure titanium metal sheet was used to demonstrate how titanium dioxide nanotubes can be used for gas-sensing applications through the electrochemical anodization method. Subsequently, X-ray diffraction indicated the crystallization of the titanium dioxide layer. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy then revealed the average diameter of the TiO<sub>2</sub> nanotubes to be approximately 100 nm, with tube lengths ranging between 3 and 9 µm and the thickness of the nanotube walls being about 25 nm. This type of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanotube was found to be suitable for NO<sub>2</sub> gas sensor applications. With an oxidation time of 15 min, its detection of NO<sub>2</sub> gas showed a good result at 250 °C, especially when exposed to a NO<sub>2</sub> gas flow of 100 ppm, where a maximum NO<sub>2</sub> gas response of 96% was obtained. The NO<sub>2</sub> sensors based on the TiO<sub>2</sub> nanotube arrays all exhibited a high level of stability, good reproducibility, and high sensitivity.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/14/11/928titanium dioxideelectrochemical anodizationTiO<sub>2</sub> nanotubesgas sensors
spellingShingle Belgacem Bouktif
Marzaini Rashid
Anouar Hajjaji
Karim Choubani
Nashmi H. Alrasheedi
Borhen Louhichi
Wissem Dimassi
Mohamed Ben Rabha
Synthesis and Characterization of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotubes for High-Performance Gas Sensor Applications
Crystals
titanium dioxide
electrochemical anodization
TiO<sub>2</sub> nanotubes
gas sensors
title Synthesis and Characterization of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotubes for High-Performance Gas Sensor Applications
title_full Synthesis and Characterization of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotubes for High-Performance Gas Sensor Applications
title_fullStr Synthesis and Characterization of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotubes for High-Performance Gas Sensor Applications
title_full_unstemmed Synthesis and Characterization of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotubes for High-Performance Gas Sensor Applications
title_short Synthesis and Characterization of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotubes for High-Performance Gas Sensor Applications
title_sort synthesis and characterization of tio sub 2 sub nanotubes for high performance gas sensor applications
topic titanium dioxide
electrochemical anodization
TiO<sub>2</sub> nanotubes
gas sensors
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/14/11/928
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