Stability Analysis and Static–Dynamic Characterization of Subminiature Two-Dimensional (2D) Electro-Hydraulic Servo Valves

Aiming to solve the difficult problem of the miniaturization of servo valves, this paper designs a subminiature two-dimensional (2D) electro-hydraulic servo valve, which realizes the integration of the pilot stage and the power stage and significantly improves the work-to-weight ratio. Meanwhile, a...

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Main Authors: Lei Pan, Quanchao Dai, Zhankai Song, Chengtao Zhu, Sheng Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Machines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1702/13/5/388
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author Lei Pan
Quanchao Dai
Zhankai Song
Chengtao Zhu
Sheng Li
author_facet Lei Pan
Quanchao Dai
Zhankai Song
Chengtao Zhu
Sheng Li
author_sort Lei Pan
collection DOAJ
description Aiming to solve the difficult problem of the miniaturization of servo valves, this paper designs a subminiature two-dimensional (2D) electro-hydraulic servo valve, which realizes the integration of the pilot stage and the power stage and significantly improves the work-to-weight ratio. Meanwhile, a high-power-density brushless DC motor (BLDC) is adopted as the electro-mechanical converter to further reduce the volume and mass. Firstly, the structure and working principle of the two-dimensional (2D) servo valve are described, and the mathematical model of the electro-mechanical converter is established. Aiming at the special working condition of the electro-mechanical converter with high-frequency oscillation at a small turning angle, this paper designs a position–current double closed-loop PID control algorithm based on the framework of the vector control algorithm (FOC). At the same time, the current feedforward compensation technique is included to cope with the high-frequency nonlinear disturbance problem of the electro-mechanical converter. The stability conditions of the electro-mechanical converter and the main valve were established based on the Routh–Hurwitz criterion, and the effects of the control algorithm of the electro-mechanical converter and the main parameters of the main valve on the stability of the system were analyzed. The dynamic and static characteristics of the 2D valve were simulated and analyzed by establishing a joint simulation model in Matlab/Simulink and AMESim. The prototype was fabricated, and the experimental bench was built; the size of the experimental prototype was 31.7 mm × 29.3 mm × 31 mm, and its mass was 73 g. Under a system pressure of 7 MPa, the flow rate of this valve was 5 L/min; the hysteresis loop of the spool-displacement input–output curve was 4.8%, and the linearity was 2.54%, which indicated that it had the ability of high-precision control and that it was suitable for the precision fluid system. The step response time was 7.5 ms, with no overshoot; the frequency response amplitude bandwidth was about 90 Hz (−3 dB); the phase bandwidth was about 95 Hz (−90°); and the dynamic characterization experiment showed that it had a fast response characteristic, which can satisfy the demand of high-frequency and high-dynamic working conditions.
format Article
id doaj-art-9682882dfc2b421bb9e6ddf9d992c008
institution Kabale University
issn 2075-1702
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Machines
spelling doaj-art-9682882dfc2b421bb9e6ddf9d992c0082025-08-20T03:47:58ZengMDPI AGMachines2075-17022025-05-0113538810.3390/machines13050388Stability Analysis and Static–Dynamic Characterization of Subminiature Two-Dimensional (2D) Electro-Hydraulic Servo ValvesLei Pan0Quanchao Dai1Zhankai Song2Chengtao Zhu3Sheng Li4College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, ChinaCollege of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, ChinaCollege of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, ChinaCollege of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, ChinaCollege of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, ChinaAiming to solve the difficult problem of the miniaturization of servo valves, this paper designs a subminiature two-dimensional (2D) electro-hydraulic servo valve, which realizes the integration of the pilot stage and the power stage and significantly improves the work-to-weight ratio. Meanwhile, a high-power-density brushless DC motor (BLDC) is adopted as the electro-mechanical converter to further reduce the volume and mass. Firstly, the structure and working principle of the two-dimensional (2D) servo valve are described, and the mathematical model of the electro-mechanical converter is established. Aiming at the special working condition of the electro-mechanical converter with high-frequency oscillation at a small turning angle, this paper designs a position–current double closed-loop PID control algorithm based on the framework of the vector control algorithm (FOC). At the same time, the current feedforward compensation technique is included to cope with the high-frequency nonlinear disturbance problem of the electro-mechanical converter. The stability conditions of the electro-mechanical converter and the main valve were established based on the Routh–Hurwitz criterion, and the effects of the control algorithm of the electro-mechanical converter and the main parameters of the main valve on the stability of the system were analyzed. The dynamic and static characteristics of the 2D valve were simulated and analyzed by establishing a joint simulation model in Matlab/Simulink and AMESim. The prototype was fabricated, and the experimental bench was built; the size of the experimental prototype was 31.7 mm × 29.3 mm × 31 mm, and its mass was 73 g. Under a system pressure of 7 MPa, the flow rate of this valve was 5 L/min; the hysteresis loop of the spool-displacement input–output curve was 4.8%, and the linearity was 2.54%, which indicated that it had the ability of high-precision control and that it was suitable for the precision fluid system. The step response time was 7.5 ms, with no overshoot; the frequency response amplitude bandwidth was about 90 Hz (−3 dB); the phase bandwidth was about 95 Hz (−90°); and the dynamic characterization experiment showed that it had a fast response characteristic, which can satisfy the demand of high-frequency and high-dynamic working conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1702/13/5/3882D servo valveminiaturizationstability analysisco-simulationdynamic and static characteristics
spellingShingle Lei Pan
Quanchao Dai
Zhankai Song
Chengtao Zhu
Sheng Li
Stability Analysis and Static–Dynamic Characterization of Subminiature Two-Dimensional (2D) Electro-Hydraulic Servo Valves
Machines
2D servo valve
miniaturization
stability analysis
co-simulation
dynamic and static characteristics
title Stability Analysis and Static–Dynamic Characterization of Subminiature Two-Dimensional (2D) Electro-Hydraulic Servo Valves
title_full Stability Analysis and Static–Dynamic Characterization of Subminiature Two-Dimensional (2D) Electro-Hydraulic Servo Valves
title_fullStr Stability Analysis and Static–Dynamic Characterization of Subminiature Two-Dimensional (2D) Electro-Hydraulic Servo Valves
title_full_unstemmed Stability Analysis and Static–Dynamic Characterization of Subminiature Two-Dimensional (2D) Electro-Hydraulic Servo Valves
title_short Stability Analysis and Static–Dynamic Characterization of Subminiature Two-Dimensional (2D) Electro-Hydraulic Servo Valves
title_sort stability analysis and static dynamic characterization of subminiature two dimensional 2d electro hydraulic servo valves
topic 2D servo valve
miniaturization
stability analysis
co-simulation
dynamic and static characteristics
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1702/13/5/388
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AT quanchaodai stabilityanalysisandstaticdynamiccharacterizationofsubminiaturetwodimensional2delectrohydraulicservovalves
AT zhankaisong stabilityanalysisandstaticdynamiccharacterizationofsubminiaturetwodimensional2delectrohydraulicservovalves
AT chengtaozhu stabilityanalysisandstaticdynamiccharacterizationofsubminiaturetwodimensional2delectrohydraulicservovalves
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