Novel sustainable biodiesel production from low-grade oleic acid via esterification catalyzed by characterized crystalline ZrO2/Al2O3
Abstract The depletion of fossil fuels and growing environmental concerns necessitate the exploration of renewable energy sources. Biodiesel, a promising alternative fuel derived from sustainable feedstock, has attracted considerable attention. This study investigates the catalytic esterification of...
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BMC
2025-01-01
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| Series: | BMC Chemistry |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-024-01360-7 |
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| author | Amal Alkahlawy Amany Gaffer |
| author_facet | Amal Alkahlawy Amany Gaffer |
| author_sort | Amal Alkahlawy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The depletion of fossil fuels and growing environmental concerns necessitate the exploration of renewable energy sources. Biodiesel, a promising alternative fuel derived from sustainable feedstock, has attracted considerable attention. This study investigates the catalytic esterification of oleic acid, a readily available fatty acid, with ethanol for biodiesel production using a novel heterogeneous catalyst, ZrO2/Al2O3. Crystalline ZrO2/Al2O3 was successfully synthesized and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature programmed desorption NH3-TPD to understand its structural and textural properties. The characterized ZrO2/Al2O3 was then employed to catalyze the esterification reaction. The influence of reaction parameters, including temperature, alcohol-to-oleic acid molar ratio, and catalyst loading, was systematically evaluated. Under optimal conditions (70 °C, 10:1 alcohol-to-oleic acid molar ratio, and 4 wt% catalyst loading), a remarkable 90.5% conversion of oleic acid to biodiesel was achieved. Furthermore, the catalyst exhibited reusability, demonstrating its potential for sustainable biodiesel production from low-grade oleic acid feedstock. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9676e74230f24571b363c37a83f92a9d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2661-801X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj-art-9676e74230f24571b363c37a83f92a9d2025-01-05T12:07:32ZengBMCBMC Chemistry2661-801X2025-01-0119111110.1186/s13065-024-01360-7Novel sustainable biodiesel production from low-grade oleic acid via esterification catalyzed by characterized crystalline ZrO2/Al2O3Amal Alkahlawy0Amany Gaffer1Refinery department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI)Petroleum Application Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI)Abstract The depletion of fossil fuels and growing environmental concerns necessitate the exploration of renewable energy sources. Biodiesel, a promising alternative fuel derived from sustainable feedstock, has attracted considerable attention. This study investigates the catalytic esterification of oleic acid, a readily available fatty acid, with ethanol for biodiesel production using a novel heterogeneous catalyst, ZrO2/Al2O3. Crystalline ZrO2/Al2O3 was successfully synthesized and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature programmed desorption NH3-TPD to understand its structural and textural properties. The characterized ZrO2/Al2O3 was then employed to catalyze the esterification reaction. The influence of reaction parameters, including temperature, alcohol-to-oleic acid molar ratio, and catalyst loading, was systematically evaluated. Under optimal conditions (70 °C, 10:1 alcohol-to-oleic acid molar ratio, and 4 wt% catalyst loading), a remarkable 90.5% conversion of oleic acid to biodiesel was achieved. Furthermore, the catalyst exhibited reusability, demonstrating its potential for sustainable biodiesel production from low-grade oleic acid feedstock.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-024-01360-7Heterogeneous catalystBiodiesel productionCatalytic esterification |
| spellingShingle | Amal Alkahlawy Amany Gaffer Novel sustainable biodiesel production from low-grade oleic acid via esterification catalyzed by characterized crystalline ZrO2/Al2O3 BMC Chemistry Heterogeneous catalyst Biodiesel production Catalytic esterification |
| title | Novel sustainable biodiesel production from low-grade oleic acid via esterification catalyzed by characterized crystalline ZrO2/Al2O3 |
| title_full | Novel sustainable biodiesel production from low-grade oleic acid via esterification catalyzed by characterized crystalline ZrO2/Al2O3 |
| title_fullStr | Novel sustainable biodiesel production from low-grade oleic acid via esterification catalyzed by characterized crystalline ZrO2/Al2O3 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Novel sustainable biodiesel production from low-grade oleic acid via esterification catalyzed by characterized crystalline ZrO2/Al2O3 |
| title_short | Novel sustainable biodiesel production from low-grade oleic acid via esterification catalyzed by characterized crystalline ZrO2/Al2O3 |
| title_sort | novel sustainable biodiesel production from low grade oleic acid via esterification catalyzed by characterized crystalline zro2 al2o3 |
| topic | Heterogeneous catalyst Biodiesel production Catalytic esterification |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-024-01360-7 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT amalalkahlawy novelsustainablebiodieselproductionfromlowgradeoleicacidviaesterificationcatalyzedbycharacterizedcrystallinezro2al2o3 AT amanygaffer novelsustainablebiodieselproductionfromlowgradeoleicacidviaesterificationcatalyzedbycharacterizedcrystallinezro2al2o3 |